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There is little relationship between the number of doctors a country has and the infant mortality, or longevity. It has been estimated that of the 25 year increase in life expectancy, 24 years of the increase was due to epidemiology/public health/prevention. Improved medical care in a country is important but contributes little to improved health in the population. In contrast, epidemiologic and public health measures such as, improved sanitation, maternal and child health, and changing life styles are potent factors for improving health.