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This is an important topic because it has been used to explain why people do things that are damaging to their health. In attempts to prevent the harm done through cigarette smoking, for example, most research has focused on the pharmacology of nicotine and its neuro- receptors.

It is worth noting that most of the “harm” arising from drug use comes from either the means used to obtain and deliver the drug, and the repeated and excessive use of the drug, as in the case of alcohol, which is toxic, as well as behaviourally disruptive. Most drugs do not in themselves cause direct damage (unless taken in excess). The damage almost all arises from how user behaviour is affected.