FINAL REPORT, February 5, 2002

 

INVENTORY OF BIODIVERSITY DATABASES IN PENNSYLVANIA

 

Prepared for

PENNSYLVANIA BIODIVERSITY PARTNERSHIP

By

Dessie Severson, Ph.D.

Allegheny Institute of Natural History, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford

Bradford, PA  16701,  severson@pitt.edu  (814)362-7562

 

 

·        BIODIVERSITY METADATA FORM

 

The Pennsylvania Biodiversity Partnership’s Biodiversity Metadata Form can be viewed at URL:

            http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm

 

(PBP’s Biodiversity Metadata Form on the web was renamed “Biodiversity Data Description Form” after receiving suggestions from the Concurrent Session 3:  Biodiversity Information at the annual PBP conference, November 30, 2001, to make the form sound more “user-friendly.”  Throughout this report, however, I will continue to refer to “metadata” and the “biodiversity metadata form”.)

 

Before developing the metadata form, I did a web search (Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access, PASDA; National Biological Infrastructure; National Spatial Data Infrastructure; Federal Geographic Data Committee; United States Geological Survey, USGS; Global Biodiversity Information Facility; Global Change Master Directory, GCMD; and Association for Biodiversity Information); personally met with metadata compilers (Maurie Kelly and Chris Pfeiffer at PASDA); and corresponded by email and/or spoke to several metadata experts in the field by phone (Anne Frondorf, Biological Data Working Group, USGS; Sharon Shin and Susan Stitt, Biological Resources Division, USGS; Cheryl Solomon, NASA, GCMD; and Peter Schweitzer, metadata tools, USGS) to determine if there was a standard form for collecting biodiversity metadata.  Cheryl Solomon posed the question to her network of metadata compilers, and forwarded their input to me.  I evaluated several forms currently in use throughout the U.S., tried to adapt the PASDA form and also the GCMD form to PBP’s use, and determined that it would be preferable to eliminate detailed geo-referenced questions.  Therefore, I developed a biodiversity metadata form for our own use.

 

The PBP Biodiversity Metadata form was developed using nationally accepted metadata standards for biological data profiles (Biological Data Profile, Biological Data Working Group, Federal Geographic Data Committee, National Spatial Data Infrastructure) and adapted for use in gathering Pennsylvania’s biodiversity metadata. 


  • PROCEDURE USED IN INFORMATION GATHERING

 

The request for biodiversity metadata was sent via email to individuals, organizations, and agencies, both public and private, who were identified as being potential holders of PA biodiversity datasets.  Requests for biodiversity metadata were sent to:  members of PBP; state governmental agencies; federal agencies, including the USDA US Forest Service Warren Forestry Sciences Laboratory and Allegheny National Forest offices in Warren; museums; arboreta; Pennsylvania college and university biologists, ecologists, and environmental biologists; nature organizations, including conservancies, Audubon groups, regional conservation and watershed groups; and private landholders. 

 

The request briefly described PBP.  It explained that we were requesting biodiversity metadata to include in a “state of the state” PA report, and that the report would serve as a guideline for developing a biodiversity conservation plan for the Commonwealth.  It explained that we were looking for both specimen-based and ecology-based datasets of PA’s biota, in any format.  The request included directions and a link to the PBP Biodiversity Metadata website: http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm .  The URL also includes background information on PBP.  The request emphasized that PBP was asking only for a description of the dataset and not access to the data.  Those with no datasets were asked to submit a “no metadata to report” form.

 

We requested that addressees forward the message to colleagues who maintain biodiversity datasets.  We also noted the projected completion date of the "state of the state" report in early 2002 and that the report, including a directory of Pennsylvania biodiversity datasets, will be made available through the PBP website, which is under construction.

 

Contact information was included:  If you have any questions or comments about this project or would like additional information about PBP, please feel free to contact me (severson@pitt.edu) or Sue Thompson, PBP Interim Executive Director (sthomp@andrew.cmu.edu).

 

More than a thousand original requests were sent.  Follow-up requests were also sent to PBP members and to known large dataset holders who had not yet responded.  The text of the first and repeat message follows:

 

Header:  PA Biodiversity Metadata Form

 

To:  Biodiversity Experts and Stakeholders

From:  Dessie Severson, Allegheny Institute of Natural History, on behalf of the Pennsylvania Biodiversity Partnership

Re:  Request for Information on Pennsylvania Biodiversity Datasets

 

The Pennsylvania Biodiversity Partnership (PBP), a public-private partnership, formed to advance biodiversity issues in Pennsylvania is presently preparing a report on the current state of biodiversity in Pennsylvania as the first step in developing a statewide biodiversity

conservation plan.  As part of this "state of the state" effort, we are compiling a directory of databases in Pennsylvania dealing with biodiversity and are requesting your help in this effort.

 

If you have one or more specimen-based or ecological datasets of Pennsylvania biota in any format (electronic or hard copy), please go to http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm and fill out and submit a metadata form.  The form can be accessed by clicking on "Biodiversity

Metadata Form".   PLEASE NOTE, we are NOT asking for access to your datasets.  We are requesting a DESCRIPTION ONLY of your existing datasets.  In so far as possible, we have developed a biodiversity metadata form in keeping with national standards for the collection of biological metadata. The form has been tailored specifically to the needs of PBP.

 

If you DO NOT have a specimen-based or ecological dataset, please go to http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm and click on "No metadata to report?  Click here".

 

If you know of a colleague who maintains a specimen or ecological biodiversity dataset, please feel free to forward this message to them. 

 

The projected date of completion of the "state of the state" report on biodiversity is early 2002 and information compiled for that report, including a directory of Pennsylvania biodiversity datasets, will be made available through the PBP website (under construction).  Background

information about PBP is included on the URL for the metadata form.

 

If you have any questions or comments about this project or would like additional information about PBP, please feel free to contact me (severson@pitt.edu) or Sue Thompson, PBP Interim Executive Director (sthomp@andrew.cmu.edu).

 

Thank you for your valuable assistance,

Dessie Severson

 

 

In addition, after the annual conference, and as a result of feedback from the concurrent session on Biodiversity Information, a new request was drafted.  It was more “user friendly”; i.e., it eliminated the term “metadata” and briefly described the types of data that would be of value to PBP in developing a biodiversity conservation plan for PA.  It was sent to all who received the original mailing and also to all PBP Annual Conference attendees.  The message follows:

 

Header:  help PBP conserve PA's biodiversity

 

To:  PA Biodiversity Experts and Stakeholders

From:  Dessie Severson, Allegheny Institute of Natural History, on behalf of PBP

Re:  Request for Information on Pennsylvania Biodiversity Datasets

 

Do you have a teaching collection of plants and/or animal specimens?  Have you been monitoring squirrel foraging habits in an oak forest?  Have you done plant and/or animal surveys?  Long-term monitoring projects?  Have you been watching ecological succession of algae in a pond?

 

If you have been collecting this kind of information, would you be willing to let other researchers in PA know about your work?

 

If so, please go to http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm click on "Biodiversity Data Description Form"  fill out and submit a description of the data you have been collecting.  If you reply by Jan 3, 2002, descriptions of your biodiversity work will be included in PBP's complete version of the "state of the state" report on biodiversity conservation in PA.

 

PLEASE NOTE, we are NOT asking for access to your datasets.  We are requesting a DESCRIPTION ONLY of your existing datasets--whether they are in field notes or

electronic format.

 

If you DO NOT have a specimen-based or ecological dataset, please let us know that, too.  Go to http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm and click on "No Biodiversity Information to Report"

 

If you know of a colleague who maintains a specimen or ecological biodiversity dataset, please feel free to forward this message to them and encourage them to participate.

 

If you have any questions or comments about this project or would like additional information about PBP, please feel free to contact me (severson@pitt.edu) or Sue Thompson, PBP President, (sthomp@andrew.cmu.edu).

 

Thank you for your valuable assistance,

Dessie Severson

 

PS:   The Pennsylvania Biodiversity Partnership (PBP), a public-private partnership, formed to advance biodiversity issues in Pennsylvania is presently preparing a report on the current state of biodiversity in Pennsylvania as the first step in developing a statewide biodiversity

conservation plan.  As part of this "state of the state" effort, we are compiling a directory of databases in Pennsylvania dealing with biodiversity and are requesting your help in this effort.  The projected date of completion of the "state of the state" report on biodiversity is early 2002 and information compiled for that report, including a directory of Pennsylvania biodiversity datasets, will be made available through the PBP website (under construction).  Background information about PBP is included on the URL http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm

 

A list of names/organizations/agencies/groups and email addresses is included in the appendix in an MS excel file entitled “metadata list”.


Requests (and reminder requests to those most likely to hold large datasets) for biodiversity metadata were sent to:

Members of PBP

Directory of 10-01

Pennsylvania Biological Survey, Contributors: Inventory & Monitoring of Biotic Res in PA

PNDI

Selected Register of PA Biologists. 1992

The Nature Conservancy

Selected DCNR, PFBC, and PGC reps in Linking PA’s Ecological Databases,  Bacastow et al.  1999

Western Pennsylvania Conservancy

Organismal biologists & ecologists at all of

PA’s colleges & universities

DCNR (Dept of Conserv & Natural Resources)

Pennsylvania’s Conservation Districts

Bureau of Forestry:

Science Office and District Foresters

Allegheny National Forest

     USDA Warren Forestry Sciences Lab

     Main ANF offices

PGC (Pennsylvania Game Commission)

Watershed Associations

PFBC (PA Fish & Boat Commission)

PINBIOP (PA Invert Biodiversity Project)

DEP (Dept of Environmental Protection)

PASDA (Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access)

Groups in DEP’s PA Conservation Directory

PBP’s RFP consultants

Carnegie Museums

Curatorial staff of the various departments

Academy of Natural Sciences

Curatorial staff of the various departments

Morris Arboretum

Frost Entomological Museum

State Museum of PA

Everhart Museum of Art, Sci, & Natural Hist

PBP Annual Conference Attendees

North Museum of Natural History & Science

 

TAXACOM listserve

 

 

  • RESPONSE RATE AS OF 01-08-02

 

One hundred eighteen respondents described their biodiversity databases.  Forty-one respondents had no biodiversity data to report.  The total response rate to the survey was about 15%.  Eleven% had biodiversity metadata and 4% did not. 

 

In addition, Thomas Ford, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, provided the data of the 1999 Bacastow, et al, study, (Executive Report Linking Pennsylvania’s Ecological Databases of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Fish and Boat Commission, and Game Commission by Bacastow, Todd S., Maurie C. Kelly, and Ryan E. Baxter, August 1999.) in hard copy and electronic format, and it is included as part of this report as auxiliary materials.  One hundred nine reports were included in this study commissioned by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR), Fish and Boat (PFBC) and Game Commissions (PGC) to study the feasibility of linking Pennsylvania’s ecological databases maintained by DCNR, PFBC, and PGC.  Some of the included ecological databases appear to be primarily species lists.  The Bacastow, et al, findings were analyzed and compiled and are available as metadata on the Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA) website URL:  http://www.pasda.psu.edu

 

It appears that the only overlap in the two surveys is part of the PNDI database.  PNDI is a cooperative partnership of the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources’ Bureau of Forestry, The Nature Conservancy, and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy.  PNDI filled out PBP metadata reports for their databases of special concern vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants.  Metadata for the Bacastow et al report is of their entire database, which is a site specific information system that describes significant natural resources of Pennsylvania.  This system includes data descriptive of plant and animal species of special concern, exemplary natural communities and unique geological features and a “negative database” of organisms and communities not of special concern.

 

 

·        METADATA FORMS SUBMITTED AS OF 01-08-02

 

One hundred and eighteen metadata forms have been submitted as of 01-08-02.  They are numbered 58-202.  The numbering is not sequential because test reports and duplicates have been removed.  The ID#, however, stays the same (does not change) when a spurious report is removed from the sequence.  The submitted metadata forms may be viewed at URL http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/dataview.asp

 

We have heard from many of the identified large biodiversity database holders in Pennsylvania:

Academy of Natural Sciences:

            Botany--Bryophytes

            Botany--Vascular plants

            Ichthyology

            Ornithology

            Mycology

Carnegie Museum:

Invertebrate Paleontology

Amphibians & Reptiles

Bird Banding

Birds

Mammals

Vascular Plants

DEP—aquatic and terrestrial insects

Morris Arboretum—vascular plants

PNDI—East, West, Central

            Special Concern

                        Invertebrates

                        Vascular plants

PNDI—East

            Special Concern Vertebrates

 

PNDI is still working on its “negative database”; i.e., its very large biodiversity database of organisms and natural communities that are not of special concern, and will submit metadata when it is feasible for them to do so. 

 

Also, several colleges and universities and/or faculty thereof, submitted metadata describing sizeable and/or special collections:

            Bucknell University Wayne E. Manning Herbarium

            Gettysburg College—helminths of selected vertebrates

IN University of PA—long-term population ecology studies of white-footed mouse

            Lock Haven University—crayfish reference collection

            Penn State University—insect collection of grazed dairy pastures

            Penn State Erie—Plecoptera and Mollusks of PA

            Shippensburg University Vertebrate Museum Collection

University of Pittsburgh Pymatuning Lab of Ecology—40 specimen and/or ecology based

reports of northwest PA

West Chester University—aquatic Coleoptera of southeast PA wetlands

            Wilkes University Rosenthal Herbarium

 

Relatively large datasets were described by the following private individuals and industry:

            Tom Proch—Unionoids of PA

            Steven Johnson—Lepidoptera of PA

            Collins Pine Co.—landscape ecology

            Forest Land Consulting—“big trees” inventory

            Sherwin Family Enterprises—plants and fungi of the Dunbar Valley

 

Several non-identified PA biodiversity database holders, who are also non-Pennsylvania groups, have submitted metadata forms for taxa found in PA.  These include:

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California-Berkeley—PA vertebrates

Delaware Museum of Natural History, Wilmington, DE—birds and mollusks

Field Museum Department of Entomology, Chicago, IL

Ohio State University Department of Entomology, Columbus, OH

National Park Service—vascular plants along the Appalachian Trail

University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI—terrestrial fungi

Liverpool Museum, Linnaean Society of London’s J.E. Smith Herbarium database of

27,000 records of plants collected in PA by Muhlenberg et al from 1740-1820

 

 

  • “NO METADATA TO REPORT” FORMS SUBMITTED AS OF 01-08-02

 

Forty-one “no metadata to report” forms have been submitted as of 01-08-02.  They are numbered 3-52.  The numbering is not sequential because test reports and duplicates have been removed.  The ID#, however, stays the same (does not change) when a spurious report is removed from the sequence.  The “no metadata to report” forms may be viewed at URL http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/nometadatareport.asp

 

  • ANALYSES OF SUBMITTED METADATA/NOMETADATA FORMS

 

The Concurrent Session on Biodiversity Information at the 2001 Annual Conference of PBP overwhelmingly requested that the metadata forms be sorted by County.  The participants recognized that this is not the scientific way to sort, but that it is the practical way to do so.  Since PA’s lands are governed by entities not necessarily coinciding with ecological boundaries, they thought that the information broken down by County would be the most useful to PBP in developing its biodiversity conservation plan.  Consequently, the first report, “County Metadata by Taxon” is sorted by County, with taxa alphabetically arranged under each County.  Please note that many more reports (86 pages worth) than the 118 metadata forms submitted are included in the County report.  Submitters had the option of choosing more than one County when filling out the form.  An entry for each County included in a metadata report will have its own entry.  (If a researcher had collected bird species data in eight counties, then that one report would be listed under all 8 of the counties selected on the metadata form.)

 

I also sorted metadata forms by ID number and also included the ID number, for easy reference to the forms, on all of the reports.  I generated a variety of other reports trying to anticipate the interest of the reviewer of the metadata forms.  These include metadata forms sorted by:

            Taxon

            Taxon, More Specific Taxon, and Keywords

            Title

            Ecological Study (aquatic and/or terrestrial) and Taxon

            Physiographic Province

            Contact Organization

            Can Share Metadata (Yes or No)

 

The “No Metadata to Report” forms were sorted by ID number and also by organization.

 

All of these reports are included as Appendices and as MS word rich-text-format-files.

 

In addition to sorting the data by the various parameters mentioned above, I also analyzed it based on number and types of groups reporting; number of web accessible reports; number and percent of information entirely in electronic format, partially in electronic format, and not in electronic format; number of ecological versus specimen-based reports; number of reports not GIS/GPS referenced, partially referenced or referenced by interpretation, or not GIS/GPS referenced; and by historical and other significance.

 

Analysis by Organizational Group Reporting and Web-Accessibility:

 

Table 1 lists the number of reports submitted by type of group.  Information about the state’s biological resources is held by hundreds of organizations and individuals both inside and outside Pennsylvania.  When searching for comprehensive biodiversity information, an interested individual would have to contact a myriad number of groups to access the information that is available.  They may or may not be granted access to the information and they may have to pay a fee for their search.  The fee may vary, depending on who they are, what they plan to do with the information, and who they contact for the information. 

 

Most of the biodiversity databases in the Commonwealth are not web-accessible by the public. 

Several groups have websites, but the access to biodiversity information varies tremendously from one group to another.  Even within one organization, access to information may vary.  For example, each Department at both the Carnegie Museums and the Academy of Natural Sciences has a different approach as to the type of biodiversity information that is available.  The Fish and Boat and Game Commissions public access to biodiversity information varies.

 

PNDI does have a website that is accessible to the public.  The URL is http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/pndi/pndiweb.htm.  This site publishes a list and rarity ranking of special concern plant communities, plants, and animals.  Access to their site specific information system describing significant natural resources of Pennsylvania, including descriptions of plant and animal species of special concern, exemplary natural communities and unique geological features is restricted and is not accessible by the public on the web.  It is currently accessible only for environmental review by state and federal agencies.  PNDI also has a very large “negative database” of communities and species that are not of special concern; this database may have been included in the Bacastow et al report.  The “negative database” is not available to the public on the web.  Granting authorization and assigning fees is done on a case-by-case basis.

 

The Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access converted the findings of the Bacastow et al report into publically accessible metadata on the web at URL http://www.pasda.psu.edu

 

Table 1—Summary of Survey Responses Listed by Organizational Category.

 

TYPE OF GROUP

# Reports of Submitted Metadata

No Data

To Report

# Web-Accessible

State Government Agencies

6 (+ 106 from 1999 Bacastow report)

6

0 (106 on PASDA site)

Federal Agencies

7 (+ 2 from 1999 Bacastow report)

0

0 (2 on PASDA site)

Museums & Arboreta

12

0

6

Colleges & Universities

and Field Stations

58**

18

0

Nature Organizations

11

12

3

Private Individuals & Industry

10

2

0

PNDI*

3 (+ 1 from 1999 Bacastow report)

0

3* (+ 1 on PASDA site)

Townships

3

2

0

PA Databases outside of PA

8

0

5

 

** Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) is a cooperative partnership of the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources’ Bureau of Forestry, The Nature Conservancy, and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, and, thus, is not listed under State Government Agency or Nature Organization.  It has a website which is accessible by the public of a list of plant communities, plant and animal species of special concern, and rarity ranking definitions at URL

http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/pndi/pndiweb.htm

 

** PASDA web site:  URL http://www.pasda.psu.edu

 

**40 of the 58 reports were submitted by one field station.

 

 

 

Description of Metadata by format:

Of the 118 metadata reports, 58 describe their data as being entirely in electronic format and 44 as being partially converted into electronic files.  Only six are not electronic.  Eight reports did not indicate whether the records were in paper or electronic format.  All eight of these reported 100% preserved specimens, so I assume they misunderstood the question.  I was unable to determine if any of the data was also in another format.  I also assume that we received a disproportionate number of electronic or partially electronic databases.  I assume that those comfortable with responding to an email query and submitting an electronic metadata report are probably more likely to have begun the conversion of their field notes from paper to electronic format.  Those who are uncomfortable with electronic submission, probably would not have filled out a metadata report, and might also be more likely to have paper databases.  

 

All of the Bacastow, et al data has been converted to metadata in an electronic format.  It is available on the PASDA web site.  However, not all of the databases included in the Bacastow report are entirely in electronic format.

 

Sixty-nine (58 %) of the PBP metadata reports are not GIS/GPS referenced; 29 (25%) are partially GIS/GPS referenced or are GIS/GPS referenced by interpretation, and 20 (17%) are completely GIS/GPS referenced. 

 

PASDA has GIS/GPS referenced by interpretation those Bacastow et al reports that were not GIS/GPS referenced.

 

Description of Metadata by taxon:

Only 21 of the PBP metadata reports are strictly specimen-based and not ecological.  All of the rest, including most of the large database holders, claim an ecological component even though many are also specimen-based.  Of the 97 listed as ecological studies, 33 are aquatic, 39 terrestrial, and 25 both aquatic and terrestrial.  Also, several of the ecological databases listed in the Bacastow et al report appear to be primarily species lists and are categorized in Table 3.

 

Table 2—Taxa Included in the PBP Metadata Survey Reports and the Number of Species, Records, and Reports.

 

Taxon

Keyword

Specific Group

Minimum

# species*

**# of

records

*** # of reports

Bacteria

All

 

?

53

1

Fungi

Fungi

general

?

500+

2

 

Fungi

lichens

20

30

1

Invertebrates

All

 

?

?

1

 

Special concern

 

226

1746

2

 

Crustaceans

amphipods

1

?

1

 

 

crayfish

8

900

2

 

Flatworms

planaria

1

?

1

 

 

trematodes

?

<200

2

 

 

cestodes

?

<200

1

 

Insects

general

100

1050+

6

 

 

coleoptera

70

3995

2

 

 

hymenoptera

3100

130,000

1

 

 

lepidoptera

800-1000

5100

1

 

 

plecoptera

134

5600

2

 

 

tricoptera

320

6000

1

 

 

macroinvertebrates

141

555+

5

 

Mollusks

 

128

320

1

 

 

unionids

67

2500

1

 

Nematodes

 

?

<200

1

 

Plankton

general

?

?

1

 

 

Leptodora kindtii

1

48

1

 

Spiders

 

104

104

1

Phytoplankton

 

Chlorophyceae

?

168

2

 

 

diatoms

?

144

1

Plants: 

Non-Vascular

Bryophytes

 

41

570

3

Plants:  Vascular

All

 

4000

670,276+

16

 

Special concern

 

706

13,420

2

 

Ferns & fern allies

 

?

22+

2

 

Hydrophytes

all

?

173

3

 

 

bog plants

?

193

1

 

 

Myriophyllum excellabens

1

8

1

 

 

Lemna

1

4

1

 

Flowering Plants

Asteraceae

2

72

1

 

 

Cactaceae Opuntia

1

20

1

 

 

herbaceous plants

?

424

2

 

 

Juglandaceae

?

?

1

 

 

trees

50

72

2

Vertebrates

All

 

100

2800

1

 

Terrestrial vertebrates

 

?

732

1

 

Special concern

 

160

986

1

 

Birds

all

315

564,427+

14

 

 

barred-owl

1

500

1

 

 

eastern Red-winged blackbird

1

187

1

 

 

great blue heron

1

100

1

 

 

ovenbird nesting

1

?

1

 

 

raptors

7

100

1

 

 

ruffed grouse

1

80

1

 

 

tern

1

26

1

 

 

woodcock

1

70

1

 

Fishes

all

150

7487+

5

 

 

carp

1

3

1

 

 

darters

4

44

1

 

 

mottled sculpin

1

141

1

 

 

rosy-faced shiner

1

57

1

 

Herps

all amphibians & reptiles

90

32,490+

5

 

 

snapping turtle

1

67

1

 

 

timber rattler

1

70+

2

 

Mammals

all

100+

28,301

5

 

 

white-footed mouse

1

5843

2

 

* the number listed is the minimum number of possible species reported in the metadata reports

of the taxonomic group listed.  (For example, 3 reports on vascular plants listed 706, 3180, and 4000 species recorded in their data; thus 4000 species of vascular plants is the minimum number of species that were reported in this survey.)  A “?” denotes that the reporter did not include this information.  A “+” is used if the reporter indicated that there were more species than the number indicated. 

 

** the number listed is the total number of records from all the pertinent metadata reports for the

specific group listed.  A “+” is used when one or more reports did not indicate the number of records.

 

*** the reports total more than 118 because some of the reports included information on more than one taxon.

 

 

Table 3—Description of Bacastow, et al, Data Relative to Reporting Agencies, Subject Matter of Report, and Number of Reports Included.

 

 

Number of Metadata Reports Submitted by Agency*

SUBJECT MATTER

OF REPORT

DCNR

DCNR-Bureau of Parks

DCNR-Bureau of Forestry

PGC

PFBC

Misc.

**

Other***

6

2

4

6

18

4

Ecological

3

2

4

2

10

3

Plants

 

 

3

 

 

1

Trees/Timber

 

 

5

1

 

 

Insects & Disease

 

 

1

 

 

 

Birds

 

 

 

4

 

2

     Eagle

 

 

 

1

 

 

     Grouse/woodcock

 

 

 

2

 

 

     Mourning dove

 

 

 

1

 

 

     Waterfowl

 

 

 

5

 

 

     Special Concern

 

 

 

1

 

 

Mammals

 

 

 

2

 

 

     Bat

 

 

 

3

 

 

     Bear

 

 

 

1

 

 

     Deer

 

1

 

4

 

 

     Woodrat

 

 

 

1

 

 

Winter Mortality

 

 

 

1

 

 

Road Kill

 

 

 

1

 

 

Fish & Wildlife

 

 

 

1

 

 

Fish

 

 

 

 

6

 

Macroinvertebrates

 

 

 

 

4

 

Mussels

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

* the total number of reports is greater than the 109 included in Bacastow, et al, because some agencies share the same dataset.  For example, the scientific collectors database is shared by DCNR, PFBC, and PGC.  This information is entered three times, once each for each agency, under the subject category of “Other.”

 

** several Bacastow, et al, reports indicated no author/owner or an author/owner other than DCNR, PFBC, or PGC (for example, PENNDOT and the US Forest Service reports were submitted.)  These are listed under “Misc” in the number of reports submitted by agency. 

 

*** many of the reports included under the subject category “Other” are datasets on boundaries, violators, recreational users, permits, etc.

 

Description of Metadata by Historical and other Significance:

Two collections date back to the 1700’s.  The National Academy of Science has a lichen type collection of 20 species collected from 1780-1815.  The Liverpool Museum has 27,000 records of plants collected in Pennsylvania by Henry Muhlenberg and John Bartram between 1740 and 1820.  The Morris Arboretum Pennsylvania Flora Database has plant records pre-1800 through the present and has 3180 species and 450,000 specimens.

 

Several collections date back to the 1800’s:

Plants:

            Ferns and allies:  1800—200 records at the Academy of Natural Sciences

            Vascular plants:  1800—4000 species and 148,000 records at the Carnegie Museum of Natural

History

                                      1800—706 species and 9783 records of species of special concern at

Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory

                                      1880—22,000 records at Wayne E. Manning Herbarium at Bucknell University

Vertebrates:

            Birds:                   1820—8000 study skins at Academy of Natural Sciences

                                       1845—315 species and 18,861 records at Carnegie Museum

            Amphibians & Reptiles:

   1885—90 species and 27,411 records at Carnegie Museum

            Fishes:                 1894—150 species and 7463 records at Academy of Natural Sciences

            Mammals:            1898—76 species and 25,234 records at Carnegie Museum

            All Vertebrates     1850—160 species and 1986 records of special concern species at PNDI

                                       1860—732 PA species at Museum of Vertebrae Zoology, University of

California, Berkeley, CA

Invertebrates:

            Staphylinidae of Order Coleoptera:

   1887—20 species and 897 records at Field Museum of Natural History,

Chicago, IL

            Mollusks:             1890—128 PA species and 320 records at Delaware Museum of Natural

History

            All Invertebrates:  1850—226 species and 1746 records of special concern species at PNDI

 

 

 

 

Appendices (file names):

Metadata Sorted by County

Metadata Sorted by ID#

Metadata Sorted by Title

Metadata Sorted by Taxon and Keywords

Metadata Sorted by Taxon

Metadata Sorted by Physiographic Province

Metadata Sorted by Ecological Study_Taxon

Metadata Sorted by Contact Organization

Metadata Sorted by Can Share

NoMetadata by report ID

NoMetadata Sorted by Organization

Metadata List

 

Additional Material:

Data provided by Thomas Ford, PFBC

            Hard copy of materials included in Bacastow, et al, report of 1999.

            Electronic version of material in Bacastow, et al, report of 1999.

Electronic copy of website of metadata form,URL

http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/index.htm

Electronic copy of website of metadata reports, URL

http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/dataview.asp

Electronic copy of website of no metadata to report, URL

            http://www.upb.pitt.edu/ainh/metadata/nometadatareport.asp

Electronic copy of mailing list