Information Science 2330
Review Paper
Some useful web links for gathering material and ideas have been moved a separate page.
I expect that it will be 8-15 pages, in length, with 8-16 references. At least 4 or 5 of the references should contribute to the paper in a major way, and you should strive to include several references from the past two or three years. You should follow APA format for citations (that is, the method of referencing within the body of the paper) and for typing the reference list at the end of the paper. The references should begin on a new page. They may be followed on a new page by the footnotes, if needed. The paper should be stapled in the upper, left-hand corner, without a binder or fancy cover.
I will not return the copy that you submit. However, if you include a second copy of the paper, I will return that with the grade and comments.
- Hirtle (1982) showed that ordered trees ....
- Ordered trees have been used to model experts (Hirtle, 1982).
Avoid direct quotes at all cost, but instead paraphrase the material. However, if you choose to include one or two direct quotes at critical points in the paper, use the same format above, but add quotation marks around the quoted material and the page number after the date within the citation, e.g. (Hirtle, 1982, p. 136). When quoting more than 40 words, put the quote in a separate paragraph, which is intented 1/2 inch from the the original margin. Direct quotes should be used selectively and only when you are interested in discussing the specific wording used by another author or to introduce a section. Even though it might be tempting, direct quotes should not be used simply because you feel that you are unable to paraphrase the ideas adequately.
Of course, you must put a citation with any thought or idea that is borrowed. Plagiarism will result in a failing grade for the course and possible disciplinary actions! You should even include citations for ideas where the source is a personal communication. In this case, include only a citation in the text, but do not put a corresponding entry in the reference list. The citation in the text should include a specific date, as follows: (P. Munro, personal communication, August 27, 1995).
You may find it beneficial to review Yahoo's English Language Usage pages, if you have questions about style, grammar, or citations.
(1) Journal article:
Hirtle, S. C., & Mascolo, M. F. (1986). Effect of semantic clustering on the memory of spatial locations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 182-189.
(2) Book:
Haugeland, J. (Ed.). (1981). Mind design. Cambridge: MIT Press.
(3) Chapter of edited book:
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1981). Computer science as empirical inquiry: Symbols and search. In J. Haugeland (Ed.). Mind design. Cambridge: MIT Press.
(4) Secondary source:
There may be a case where you need to reference a secondary source, that is, you want to reference a work, but were not able to obtain the actual paper. For purposes of this class, use the following format in the references and include the citing source (e.g., Gardner 1985) elsewhere on the reference list:
Ehrenfels, C. von. (1890). Ueber Gestaltqualitäten. Vierteljahrsschrift für Wissenschaftliche Philosophe, 14, 249-292. [As cited by Gardner (1985).]
For other sources, see the textbook, or (if compulsive) refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, where 63 different examples are presented. The proper method for citing Internet references is found on the APA Internet page.