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mso-level-text:·ð; mso-level-tab-stop:2.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:·ð; mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:·ð; mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:·ð; mso-level-tab-stop:4.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:·ð; mso-level-tab-stop:4.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <meta http-equiv=Content-Style-Type content="text/css"> <meta name=Author content="Connie Hrabovsky"> <meta name=CocoaVersion content=1038.35> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1027"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <p class=p1><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:Times'>&nbsp;</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p1><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p2><span class=SpellE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Nuel</span></b></span><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <span class=SpellE>Belnap</span></span></b><span class=s1><span style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande"'><br> </span><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(Some) papers and publications</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:#000099;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops: list .5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class=p3><span class=s3><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/currentpublications.pdf"><b>List of Publications</b></a></span></span><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Times;color:#000099'>&nbsp;</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p1><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:Times'>&nbsp;</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p1><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p4><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Downloadable papers:</span><span class=s4><span style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Lucida Grande";color:#000099'><br> </span><span class=s4><span style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p5><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Papers are downloadable in <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format.</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Portable Document Format (get free Acrobat Reader <span class=GramE>from&nbsp; </span></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="http://www.adobe.com/"><span class=s6><b>www.adobe.com)</b></span></a><span class=s7> </span></span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande"'><br> </span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=s7><span style='color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>2.  <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/2AmodificationofAckermannsrigorousimplication(Abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>A modification of Ackermann s  rigorous implication </span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>[by A. R. Anderson and NDB] (abstract), <i>Journal of symbolic logic,</i> vol. 23 (1958), pp. 457-458.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>4. <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/4ModalitiesinAckermannsRigorousImplication.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Modalities in Ackermann s  rigorous implication </span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>[by A. R. Anderson and NDB]<span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal</i></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 107-111.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>5. <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/5PureRigorousImplicationAsASequenzenkalkul(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Pure rigorous implication as a  <span class=SpellE>Sequenzen-kalkul</span> </span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>(abstract), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic,</i> vol. 24 (1959), pp. 282-283.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>6. <a href="6AProofOfTheLoewenheimSkolemTheorem(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>A proof of the <span class=SpellE>Loewenheim-Skolem</span> theorem</span></a></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> [by A. R. Anderson and NDB] (abstract), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 285-286.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>9. <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/9BookNoteAxiomaticSetTheory.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Book note: Axiomatic set theory</span></a></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'> (New York, 1960) by P. <span class=SpellE>Suppes</span>, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Review of metaphysics,</i> vol. 14 (1960-61), <span class=GramE>p</span>. 175.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>11. <a href="http://www.pttt.edu/~belnap/11TautologicalEntailments(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Tautological entailments</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>(abstract), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 24 (1959), p. 316.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>12. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/12asimpletreatmentoftruthfunctions.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>A simple treatment of truth functions</span></b></span></a><b> </b>[by A. R. Anderson and NDB], <i>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 301-302.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>13. <a href="13ASimpleProofofGoedelsCompletenessTheorem(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'> A simple proof of <span class=SpellE>Goedel s</span> completeness theorem </span></a></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by A. R. Anderson and NDB] (abstract), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 24 (1959), pp. 320-321.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pttt.edu/~belnap/15BookNote-LeviathanASimulationofBehavioralSystems.pdf"><span style='color:#000090;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>15. </span><span style='color:#000090'>Book note: Leviathan: a simulation of behavioral systems, to operate dynamically on a digital computer</span></a></span></b><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'> </span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>(Santa Monica, 1959) by Beatrice K. Rome and Sydney C. Rome, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Review of metaphysics,</i> vol. 15 (1961-62), p. 195.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>18.<a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/18ReviewExistentialPresuppositionsandExistentialCommitments.pdf"><span class=GramE><span style='color:#000090'><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Review</span></span><span style='color:#000090'> of  Existential presuppositions and existential commitments </span></a></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> (<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of philosophy</i>, 1959) by J. <span class=SpellE>Hintikka</span>, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 25 (1960), p. 88.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>19. <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/19ReviewNondesignatingSingularTerms.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Review of  <span class=SpellE>Nondesignating</span> singular terms </span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>(Philosophical review, 1959) by H. Leblanc and T. <span class=SpellE>Hailperin</span>, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 25 (1960), pp. 87-88.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>20. <a href="20ReviewTowardsaTheoryofDefiniteDescriptions.pdf"><span style='color: #000090'>Review of  Towards a theory of definite descriptions </span></a></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> (<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Analysis</i>, 1959) by J. J. <span class=SpellE>Hintikka</span>, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 25 (1960), pp. 88-89.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>21. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/21entailmentandrelevance.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Entailment and relevance,</span></b></span></a><b> </b><i>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 25 (1960), pp. 144-146.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>22. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/22enthymemes.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Enthymemes</span></b></span></a><b> </b>[by A. R. Anderson and NDB], <i>Journal of philosophy</i>, vol. 58 (1961), pp. 713-723.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>23. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/23tautologicalentailments.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Tautological entailments</span></b></span></a><b> </b>[by A. R. Anderson and NDB],<i> Philosophical Studies</i>, vol. 13 (1962), pp. 9-24.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>24. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/24tonkplonkandplink.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Tonk, <span class=SpellE>Plonk</span> and Plink</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><i>Analysis</i>, vol. 22 (1961-62), pp. 130-134.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>26. <a href="26FirstDegreeFormulas(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'> First degree formulas (abstract),</span></a></span></b><span class=GramE><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal</i></span></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'> of symbolic logic,</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'> vol. 25 (1960), pp. 388-389.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>27. <a href="27FirstDegreeEntailments.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>First degree entailments</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by A. R. Anderson and NDB], <span class=SpellE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Mathematische</i></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> <span class=SpellE>annalen</span>,</i> vol. 149 (1963)<span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>pp</span>. 302-319.A slightly revised version of item 10.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>28. <a href="28ReviewOfComputersAndCommonSense.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Review of <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Computers and common sense</i></span></a></span></b><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'> </span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>(Columbia University Press, 1961) by Mortimer Taube, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Modern uses of logic in law</i>, March 1963, pp. 34-38.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>30. <a href="30ThePureCalculusofEntailment.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>The pure calculus of entailment</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by A. R. Anderson and NDB], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic,</i> vol. 27 (1962), pp. 19-52.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>32. <a href="32ReviewofNaturalDeduction.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Review of Natural deduction</span></a></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> (Wadsworth, 1962) by John M. Anderson and Henry W. <span class=SpellE>Johnstone</span>, Jr., <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>American mathematical monthly</i>, 1963.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>35.  <a href="35OnNotStrengtheningIntuitionisticLogic.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>On not strengthening intuitionistic logic</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by NDB, H. Leblanc and R. H. Thomason], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Notre Dame journal of formal logic</i>, vol. 4 (1963), pp. 313-320.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>36. <a href="36OnNotStrengtheningIntuitionisticLogic(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>On not strengthening intuitionistic logic</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by NDB, H. Leblanc and R. H. Thomason] (abstract), read at December 1963 meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic,</i> vol. 28 (1963), p. 297.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>37. <a href="37ReviewALogicofQuestionsandAnswers.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Review of  A logic of questions and answers (Philosophy of Science, 1961), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Communication: A logical model </i>(The M.I.T. Press, 1963), and  A model for applying information and utility functions (<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Philosophy of Science</i>, 1963) by David Harrah, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic,</i> vol. 29 (1964), pp. 136-138.</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>39. <a href="39ReviewAMeasureofSubjectiveInformation.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Review of  A measure of subjective information by <span class=SpellE>Rulon</span> Wells, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Structure of language and its mathematical aspects, Proceedings of symposia in applied mathematics</i>, vol. 12, American Mathematical Society, 1961, pp. 237-244, and  Comments by J. D. Sable and R. Wells, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>ibid<span class=GramE>.<span style='font-style:normal'>,</span></span></i> pp. 267-268.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 30 (1965), pp. 244-245.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span></span></a></span></b><span class=MsoHyperlink><span style='color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>42. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/42questionsanswersandpresuppositions.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Questions, answers, and presuppositions</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><i>Journal of philosophy</i>, vol. 63 (1966), pp. 609-611.Abstract of a paper read at the 1966 meeting of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association.</span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>43. <a href="43CombinedReviewofThreeArticlesbyBSobocinski.pdf"><span style='color: #000090'>Combined review of three articles by B. <span class=SpellE>Sobocinski</span> and six articles by Ivo Thomas, all on Lewis-like modal logics, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 31 (1966), pp. 498-500.</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>44. <a href="44IntensionallyComplementedDistributiveLattices.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Intensionally complemented distributive lattices</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'> [by NDB and Joel Spencer], <span class=SpellE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Portugaliae</i></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> <span class=SpellE>Mathematica</span></i>, vol. 25 (1966), pp. 99-104.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>45. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/45intensionalmodels.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Intensional models for first degree formulas</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><i>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 32 (1967), pp. 1-22.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>46. <a href="46SpecialCasesoftheDecisionProblemforEntailmentandRelevantImplication(Abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Special cases of the decision problem for entailment and relevant implication</span></a>, </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 32 (1967), pp. 431-432. Abstract of a paper read at the 1967 meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>47. <a href="47HomomorphismsofIntentionallyComplementedDistributiveLattices(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Homomorphisms of intentionally complemented distributive lattices</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'> [by J. Michael Dunn and NDB] (abstract), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 32 (1967), p. 446.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>50. <a href="50HomomorphismsofIntensionallyComplementedDistributiveLattices.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Homomorphisms of <span class=SpellE>intensionally</span> complemented distributive lattices</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by J. M. Dunn and NDB]<span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span class=SpellE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Mathematische</i></span></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> <span class=SpellE>annalen</span></i>, vol. 176 (1968), pp. 28-38.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>52. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/52thesubstitutioninterpretation.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>The substitution interpretation of the quantifiers</span></b></span></a><b> </b>[by J. M. Dunn and NDB], <span class=SpellE><i>Noûs</i></span>, vol. 2 (1968), pp. 177-185.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>55. <a href="55EveryFunctionallyCompletem-valuedLogicHasaPost-CompleteAxiomatization.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Every functionally complete m-valued logic has a Post-complete <span class=SpellE>axiomatization</span></span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by NDB and Storrs McCall], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Notre Dame journal of formal logic</i>, vol. 11 (1970), <span class=GramE>p</span>. 106<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>56. </span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/56conditionalassertion.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Conditional assertion and restricted quantification</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><span class=SpellE><i>Noûs</i></span>, vol. 4 (1970), p. 1-13.</span></span><span class=s7><span style='color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=p10><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>57. <a href="57ReviewofAPropositionalLogicWithSubjunctiveConditionals.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Review of  A propositional logic with subjunctive conditionals</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'> (<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic,</i> 1962) by R. B. Angell, Journal of symbolic logic, vol. 35 (1970), pp. 464-465.</span></p> <p class=p10><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>58. <a href="58S-PInterrogatives.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>S-P interrogatives,</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of philosophical logic</i>, vol. 1 (1972), pp. 331-346.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>63. <a href="63AProsententialTheoryofTruth.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>A <span class=SpellE>prosentential</span> theory of truth</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by D. L. Grover, J. L. Camp, Jr. and NDB], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Philosophical Studies<span class=GramE>,<span style='font-style:normal'><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>vol</span></span></i>. 27 (1975), pp. 73-125.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>76</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/reschershypotheticalreasoning.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>.</span></b></span></a><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/76reschershypotheticalreasoning.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'> Rescher s hypothetical <span class=SpellE>reasoning<span class=GramE>:an</span></span> amendment, </span></b></span></a><i>The philosophy of Nicholas <span class=SpellE>Rescher:discussion</span> and replies</i>, ed. E. Sosa, D. <span class=SpellE>Reidel</span>, 1979, pp. 19-28.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>77. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/77relevantanalytictableaux.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Relevant analytic tableaux</span></b></span></a><b> </b>[by M. A. <span class=SpellE>McRobbie</span> and NDB], <span class=SpellE><i>Studia</i></span><i> <span class=SpellE>Logica</span></i>, vol. 38 (1979), pp. 187-200.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>78. <a href="78AConsecutiveCalculusForPositiveRelevantImplicationWithNecessity.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>A consecution calculus for positive relevant implication with necessity</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'> [by NDB, Anil Gupta, and J. Michael Dunn]<span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal</i></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> of philosophical logic</i>, vol. 9 (1980), pp. 343-362. (By error the title appeared as  A consecutive<span class=GramE>& .</span> )<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>87.</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/87displaylogic.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'> Display logic, </span></b></span></a><b> </b><i>Journal of philosophical logic</i>, vol. 11 (1982), pp. 375-417.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>88</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/88guptasrevisiontheoryoftruth.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>.</span></b></span></a><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/88guptasrule.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'> <span class=GramE>Gupta s rule of revision theory of <span class=SpellE>truth, </span></span></span></b></span></a><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i>Journal</i></span></span><span class=GramE><i> of philosophical logic</i>, vol. 11 (1982), pp. 103-116.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>92. <a href="92DisplayLogic(abstract).pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Display logic</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> (abstract), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of symbolic logic</i>, vol. 48 (1983), p. 907.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>95.</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/95anoteonextension.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'> A note on extension, intension, and truth </span></b></span><span class=s6><span style='color:#000090'>[</span></span></a>by A. Gupta and NDB], <i>Journal of philosophy</i>, vol. 84 (1987) pp. 168-174.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>102.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/102semanticholism.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Semantic holism</span></b></span></a><b> </b>[by NDB and G. J. Massey], <span class=SpellE><i>Studia</i></span><i> <span class=SpellE>logica</span></i>, vol. 49 (1990) pp. 67-82.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>103.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/103declarativesarenotenough.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Declaratives are not enough</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><i>Philosophical studies</i>, vol. 59 (1990) pp. 1-30.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>104.  <a href="104LinearLogicDisplayed.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Linear logic displayed</span></a>, </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Notre Dame journal of formal logic,</i> vol. 31 (1990) pp. 14-25.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>106.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/106beforerefraining.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Before refraining: concepts for agency</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><span class=SpellE><i>Erkenntnis</i></span>, vol. 34 (1991) pp. 137-169.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>107.  <a href="107InTheRealmOfAgents.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>In the realm of agents</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by NDB and M. <span class=SpellE>Perloff</span>], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>DEON  91:First International Workshop on Deontic Logic in Computer Science</i>, J<span class=GramE>.-</span>J. Ch. Meyer and R. J. <span class=SpellE>Wieringa</span> (eds.), Amsterdam, pp. 107-126.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>108.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/108backwardsandforwards.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Backwards and forwards in the modal logic of agency</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><i>Philosophy and phenomenological research</i>, vol. 51 (1991) pp. 777-807.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>110.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/110branchingspacetime.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Branching space-time</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><span class=SpellE><i>Synthese</i></span>, vol. 92 (1992) pp. 385-434.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>111.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/111thewayoftheagent.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>The way of the agent</span></b></span></a><b> </b> [by NDB and M. <span class=SpellE>Perloff</span>], <span class=SpellE><i>Studia</i></span><i> <span class=SpellE>logica</span></i>, vol. 51 (1992) pp. 463-484.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>114.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/114onrigorousdefinitions.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>On rigorous definitions</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><i>Philosophical studies</i>, ed. Marian David, vol. 72 (1993) p. 115-146.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>115.  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/115indeterminismandthethinredline.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Indeterminism and the thin red line</span></b></span></a><b> </b>[by NDB and Mitchell Green], <i>Philosophical perspectives</i>, vol. 8, Logic and language, James <span class=SpellE>Tomberlin</span> (ed.), Ridgeview Publishing Co. (1994), pp. 365-388.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>117. <a href="117TheDeliberativeStitAStudyOfActionOmissionAbilityAndObligation.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>The deliberative <span class=SpellE>stit</span>: a study of action, omission, ability, and obligation</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by John F. <span class=SpellE>Horty</span> and NDB], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of Philosophical Logic</i>, vol. 24 (1995), no. 6, pp. 583-644<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>119. <a href="119ReplyToRobertKoons.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Reply to Robert <span class=SpellE>Koons</span></span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by A. Gupta and NDB], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Notre Dame journal of formal logic</i><span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>vol</span>. 35 no. 4 (1995), pp. 632-636.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>121. <a href="121BranchingSpaceTimeAnalysisOfTheGHZTheorem.pdf"><span style='color: #000090'>Branching space-time analysis of the GHZ theorem</span></a> </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> [by Laszlo <span class=SpellE>Szabo</span> and NDB], <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Foundations of Physics</i>, vol. 26, no. 8, (1996), pp.989-1002.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>128.&nbsp;</span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/documents/disk0/00/00/08/17/index.html"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>  Concrete transitions, in Actions, norms, <span class=SpellE>values<span class=GramE>:discussions</span></span> with George <span class=SpellE>Henrik</span> von Wright, George <span class=SpellE>Meggle</span> (ed.), Walter de <span class=SpellE>Gruyter</span></span></b></span></a><b>, 1997. </b>(1999, <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format) </span></span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>&nbsp;</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Abstract:</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Following von Wright, ``transitions'' are needed for understanding agency. I indicate how von Wright's account of transitions should be adapted to take account of objective indeterminism, using the idea of branching space-time. The essential point is the need to <span class=GramE>locate&nbsp; transitions</span> not merely in space-time, but concretely amid&nbsp; the <span class=SpellE>indeterministic</span>, causally structured possibilities of our (only) world. (This is a ``<span class=SpellE>postprint</span>'' of <span class=SpellE>Belnap</span> 1999, as cited in the paper. The page numbers do not, of course, match those of the original.) </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>133.&nbsp;</span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/documents/disk0/00/00/07/84/index.html"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'> EPR-like funny business in the theory of branching space-times Non-locality and Modality, T. <span class=SpellE>Placek</span> and J.</span></b></span></a> </span></span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande"; color:#000090'><br> </span><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>Butterfield (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, pp. 293-315<span class=GramE>.<span style='font-weight:normal'>(</span></span></span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>2002, <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format.)</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Abstract:</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>EPR-like phenomena are (presumably) <span class=SpellE>indeterministic</span>, but they furthermore suggest that our world involves seeming-strange ``funny business.'' Without invoking any heavy mathematics, the theory of branching space-times offers two apparently quite different ways in which EPR-like funny business goes beyond simple indeterminism. (1) The first is a modal version of a Bell-like correlation: There exist two space-like separated <span class=SpellE>indeterministic</span> initial events whose families of outcomes are nevertheless modally correlated. That is, although the occurrence of each outcome of each of the two space-like separated initial events is separately possible, some joint occurrence of their outcomes (one from each) is impossible. (2) The second sounds like superluminal causation: A certain initial event can bear a cause-like relation to a certain without being in the causal past of that outcome. The two accounts of EPR-like funny business are proved equivalent, a result that supports the claim of each as useful to mark the line between mere indeterminism and EPR-like funny business. (This is a ``<span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>postprint</span></span><span class=GramE>'' .&nbsp;</span> Numbers 135 and 139 below are closely related.) </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>134.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> &quot;<a href="ftp://ftp.pitt.edu/users/b/e/belnap/double-time-references.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Double time references<span class=GramE>:&nbsp;&nbsp; Speech</span>-act reports as modalities in an <span class=SpellE>indeterministic</span> setting&quot;&nbsp; in Advances in Modal Logic, F. <span class=SpellE>Wolter</span>, H. <span class=SpellE>Wansing</span>, M. De <span class=SpellE>Rijke</span>, and M. <span class=SpellE>Zakharyaschev</span> (eds.) , 2002.</span></b></span></a>(2001, <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format)</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Abstract:</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>The background is a theory that describes agents and <span class=GramE>their</span> choices in the branching-time <span class=SpellE>represention</span> of indeterminism, and that describes a language appropriate for use in such a setting.&nbsp; The problem of this paper is to clarify the meaning, in the context of indeterminism, of speech acts such as promising, ordering, advising, asserting, and betting.&nbsp; Such speech acts often have sentence that serves as a &quot;declarative core,&quot; whose truth-conditional semantics in branching time contributes to the meaning of the speech act.&nbsp; Direct-discourse reports of such speech acts can be treated as a kind of &quot;modal&quot; connective, e.g. &quot;<i>a1 </i>promised <i>a2</i> to make '<i>A'</i> true.&quot; A key feature of the contribution of the declarative core is made in terms of its (<i>now</i>) being definitely settled at a later moment (in the branching tree) that the declarative core of the speech act was true (<i>then</i>) at the moment of the speech act.&nbsp; That is the &quot;double time reference&quot; that needs clarification. </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande"; color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>135.&nbsp; </span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/135nocommoncause.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>No-common-cause EPR-like funny business in branching space-times </span></b></span><span class=s6><span style='color:#000090'>(</span></span></a>in <i>Philosophical Studies </i>2003, <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format.)</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Abstract:</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>There is  no EPR-like funny business if (contrary to apparent fact) our world is as <span class=SpellE>indeterministic</span> as you wish, but is free from the EPR-like quantum mechanical phenomena such as is sometimes described in terms of superluminal causation or correlation between distant events. The theory of branching <span class=SpellE>spacetimes</span> can be used to sharpen the theoretical dichotomy between  EPR-like funny business and  no EPR-like funny business . <span class=SpellE>Belnap</span> (2002) offered two analyses of the dichotomy, and proved them equivalent. This essay adds two <span class=GramE>more,</span> both connected with <span class=SpellE>Reichenbach s</span>  principle of the common cause , the principle that sends us hunting for a common-causal explanation of distant correlations. The two previous ideas of funny business and the two ideas introduced in this essay are proved to be all equivalent, which increases one s confidence in the stability of (and helpfulness of) the BST analysis of the dichotomy between EPR-like funny business and its absence. </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=s6><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/890/1/bh-approach-indet-free-will.pdf"><b><span style='color:#000090'>Branching histories approach to indeterminism and free will </span></b></a></span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>(a pre-print of 141B.  Branching Histories Approach to Indeterminism and Free Will, <i>Truth and Probability Essays in <span class=SpellE>Honour</span> of <span class=SpellE>Hugues</span> Leblanc</i>. Bryson Brown and Francois <span class=SpellE>Lepage</span>, <span class=GramE>eds</span>. 2005. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 197 211.)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Abstract:</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>An informal sketch is offered of some chief ideas of the (formal) ``branching histories'' theory of objective possibility, free will and indeterminism. Reference is made to ``branching time'' and to ``branching space-times,'' with emphasis on a theme that they share: Objective possibilities are in Our World, organized by </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>the relation of causal order. </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande"; color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>136. </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/136agentsinbranching.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>&quot;Agents in branching space-times,&quot;</span></b></span></a><b> </b><i>Journal of Sun <span class=SpellE>Yatsen</span> University, Social Science Edition</i>, vol. 43, 2003, pp. 147--166.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Abstract:</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>The aim of this essay is to make some brief suggestions on the beginnings of a theory of agents and agency in branching space-times.&nbsp; The thought is to combine the ideas of agency as developed against the relatively simple background of branching time with the richer notions of indeterminism as structured in the theory of branching space-times.&nbsp; My plan is to say a little about agency in branching time and a little about branching space-times, and then ask how the two can be brought together.&nbsp; At the end there is an appendix, extracted from <span class=SpellE>Belnap</span>, <span class=SpellE>Perloff</span> and <span class=SpellE>Xu</span> 2001 (Facing the future), listing in a convenient form all the main ideas about agents and their choices in branching time. </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>137.</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/137somenonclassical.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'> &quot;Some non-classical logics seen from a variety of <span class=SpellE>perspectives,&quot;</span></span></b></span></a><span class=SpellE><i>Journal</i></span><i> of Sun <span class=SpellE>Yatsen</span> University, Social Science Edition</i>, vol. 43, 2003, pp. 167--179.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Abstract:</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande";color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to estimate the number.&nbsp; Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both those of interest to mathematics and those of interest to philosophy and computer science.&nbsp; (Henceforth I will use the term &quot;intelligent systems theory&quot; for the common ground of philosophical logic and that part of computer science that concerns itself with activities plausibly taken to embody intelligence in some degree.) On the mathematical side are, of course, higher order logics, set theories, systems of arithmetic, and so forth.&nbsp; On the intelligent systems side, useful extensions of classical logic include modal logic, deontic logic, epistemic logic, tense logic, indexical logic, and so forth.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>This essay, however, does not deal with those logics; instead, it concerns itself with non-classical logics of interest to intelligent-systems theory.&nbsp; There are doubtless hundreds of non-classical logics, and I consider only a few.&nbsp; Chiefly I will talk about &quot;relevance&quot; logics and some close cousins.&nbsp; Sometimes these are called &quot;<span class=SpellE>substructural</span> logics&quot; for reasons that will emerge.&nbsp; Concerning these logics, I wish to emphasize the very large number of approaches to them that have proved enlightening and useful. </span><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande"; color:#000090'><br> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>139.&nbsp; </span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/139theoryofcausation.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>A theory of causation:&nbsp; <span class=SpellE>Causae</span> <span class=SpellE>causantes</span> (originating causes) as <span class=SpellE>inus</span> conditions in branching space-<span class=GramE>times&nbsp; </span></span></b></span></a>(in <i>British Journal of the Philosophy of Science</i>. vol. 56, 2005, pp. 221-253) &nbsp;</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>140.&nbsp; </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/140undercarnapslamp.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>&quot;Under <span class=SpellE>Carnap's</span> Lamp:&nbsp; Flat Pre-Semantics,&quot;&nbsp;</span></b></span></a><b> </b>(in <i>Philosophical Studies</i>, vol. 80, No. 1, June 2005, pp. 1--28)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s3><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1003/1/bst-92-postprint-jan-2003.pdf"><b><span style='color:#000090'>Branching space-time, <span class=SpellE>postprint</span> <span class=GramE>January,</span> 2003 </span></b></a></span></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>(2003, <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format.)</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>141.&nbsp; </span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/141howcausalprobabilities.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>&quot;How Causal Probabilities Might Fit into Our Objectively <span class=SpellE>Indeterministic</span> World,&quot;</span></b></span></a><b> w/ Matt Weiner </b>(in <span class=SpellE><i>Synthese</i></span>, Volume 149, March 2006, pp. 1--36.)</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>143.&nbsp;  </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/143prosentence.pdf"><span class=SpellE><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Prosentence</span></b></span></span><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>, Revision, Truth and Paradox</span></b></span></a><b>, </b><i> Philosophy and Phenomenological Research </i>, Vol. LXXIII No. 3, November, 2006, pp. 705 712.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>144.&nbsp; </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/144propensitiesandprobabilities.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'> Propensities and probabilities, </span></b></span></a><b> </b><i>Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics,</i> Volume 38, 2007, pp.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>&nbsp; 593 625.&nbsp; DOI:&nbsp; 10.1016/j.hpsb.2006.09.003<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>144x.</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>&nbsp; <b>&quot;</b><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/144x.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Propensities and probabilities</span></b></span></a><b>,&quot;</b>&nbsp; (2010 corrected <span class=SpellE>postprint</span> of 144).</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=GramE><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>145.</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>&nbsp; <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/145fromnewtonian.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>&quot;From Newtonian determinism to branching-space-time indeterminism,&quot;</span></b></span></a> <span class=SpellE><i>Logik</i></span><i>, <span class=SpellE>Begriffe</span>, <span class=SpellE>Prinzipien</span> des <span class=SpellE>Handelns</span> (Logic, Concepts, Principles of Action).</i></span></span><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'> Thomas Müller/ Albert <span class=SpellE>Newen</span> (eds.), mentis <span class=SpellE>Verlag</span> <span class=SpellE>GmbII</span>, 2007, pp. 13--31.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'>145-revised.&nbsp; </span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/145revised.pdf"><span class=GramE><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>&quot;From Newtonian determinism to branching-space-time indeterminism,&quot;</span></b></span></span></a><span class=GramE> revision of 145, forthcoming in <span class=SpellE><i>Synthese</i></span>.</span></span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>147.&nbsp; </span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&quot;<a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/147funnybusinessinbranchingspacetimes.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Funny business in branching space-times:&nbsp; infinite modal correlations</span></b></span></a>,<span class=GramE>&quot;&nbsp; w</span>/ Thomas Mueller and <span class=SpellE>Kohei</span> <span class=SpellE>Kishida</span> (in <span class=SpellE><i>Synthese</i></span><i> </i>(2008) 164:&nbsp; pp. 141--159.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>148.&nbsp; </span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&quot;<a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/148branchingwithuncertainsemantics.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Branching with Uncertain Semantics: Discussion Note on Saunders and Wallace,  Branching and Uncertainty ,</span></a></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&quot; [by NB and Thomas Mueller] <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Brit. J. Phil. Sci</i>. (2010), pp. 1 16.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>&nbsp;</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/futurecontingents.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Future Contingents and the Battle Tomorrow</span></b></span></a> w/ Michael <span class=SpellE>Perloff</span> forthcoming in <i>Review of Metaphysics.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p9><span class=s6><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/nal.pdf"><b><span style='color:#000090'>Notes on the Art of Logic 2009</span></b></a></span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> (2009, <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format, Unpublished)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s3><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/nsl.pdf"><b><span style='color:#000090'>Notes on the Science of Logic 2009</span></b></a></span></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> (2009, <span class=SpellE>pdf</span> format, Unpublished)</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s3><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/howacomputershouldthink.pdf"><b><span style='color:#000090'>&nbsp;How a computer should think</span></b></a></span></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'> (from Entailment II)</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s7><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#1F497D;mso-themecolor:text2'>&nbsp;</span></b></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/ff78.pdf"><span class=s6><b><span style='color:#000090'>Facing the Future (Chapters 7 and 8)</span></b></span></a></span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s3><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/indeterminismisamodalnotion.pdf"><b><span style='color:#000090'>Indeterminism is a modal notion:&nbsp; branching <span class=SpellE>spacetimes</span> and <span class=SpellE>Earman's</span> pruning</span></b></a></span></span><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>(<span class=SpellE>Placek</span> and <span class=SpellE>Belnap</span> 2010) Forthcoming <span class=SpellE><i>Synthese</i></span></span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=p10><span class=s3><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/courseoutline.pdf"><span class=GramE><b><span style='color:#000090'>Phil 2505, S 2011, Indeterminism, BT, and BST</span></b></span></a></span></span><span class=GramE><span class=s7><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'>.</span></span></span><span class=s7><span style='color:#000090'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=p10 style='tab-stops:145.35pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#000090'><a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~belnap/prolegomenontonormsinBST.pdf"><span style='color:#000090'>Prolegomenon to norms in BST</span></a><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>             </span></span><o:p></o:p></b></p> </div> </body> </html>