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| This section describes the mouth, teeth, tongue, and nose and its structures. I. Anatomy of the Mouth (External) 1. External musculature - ( Buccinator, Orbicularis oris, Risorius, Levator triad ) a.Motor Nerve innervation-CN VII or Facial nerve 2. Lips-mobile muscular folds around mouth opening a.Superior Labrium (upper lip) Sensory nerve-infraorbital nerve arise from trigeminal n. Artery supply- Superior labial a. (branch of facial a.) and Infraorbital a. b.Inferior Labrium (lower lip) Sensory nerve-mental nerve arise from trigeminal n. Artery supply- inferior labial a. and mental a.
II. Anatomy of the Mouth (Internal) 1. Anatomy of oral cavity
Figure 1 2. Prominent functional Structures a. Hard Palate-bony structure separates nasal and oral cavities -occupies anterior 2/3 of total oral palate -Blood supply-greater palatine a. -Sensory nerve-greater palatine n. b. Soft Palate-fibromuscular posterior 1/3 of total palate separating oral and nasal cavities. Ends posterior with uvula. -Musculature- levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae, and the palatoglossus. Prevent regurgitation of food into nasal cavity. -Blood supply- lesser palatine a. -Sensory nerve-lesser palatine n. -Motor nerve-Pharyngeal plexus and CN V2 fig. 2 fig. 3 c. Teeth- 32-paired teeth of maxilla and mandible
Fig. 4 -Tooth anatomy enamel - the outer layer of the tooth dentin - the inner layer and the main part of the tooth. pulp - part of the inside of the tooth that contains the nerve. root - the part of the tooth that secures it into the jaw Fig. 5 -Blood supply to the teeth Alveolar arteries (superior,anterior,middle-branch from infraorbital and posterior,inferior branch From maxillary a.) Inferior supplies mandibular teeth all others supply maxilla teeth. -Sensory nerve supply Alveolar nerves in the same respect as artery supply Alveolar nerves all originate from Trigeminal nerve.
Fig. 6 d. Tongue- -Musculature Genioglossus - depresses the tongue; posterior part protrudes tongue. Hyoglossus - depresses and retracts the tongue. Styolglossus - retracts tongue and draws its edges up to create a trough for swallowing. Palatoglossus - elevates the posterior part of tongue. Intrinsic muscles of tongue - are confined to the tongue and do not attach to bone. -Vascular supply The lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery is the major arterial blood supply to the tongue
Fig. 7 ( Includes 4 pics.)
III.Anatomy of the Nose (external) 1. Bone structure a. Nasal bone b. Frontal process of manilla c. Nasal process of the frontal bone d. vomer (bone of septum) 2. Cartilage Structure a. Lower lateral (greater alar), right and left b. Upper lateral (lateral nasal), right and left c. Quadrilateral cartilage of the septum
Fig. 8 3 . Nasal musculature a: Elevator muscles -
fig. 9 IV. Anatomy of Nose (internal) or Nasal Cavity The nasal cavity serves the function of cleaning the air we breathe before it reaches the lungs. It does this with the help of the respiratory mucosa, which lines the walls of the nasal cavity. Within this mucosa, small, hair-like cilia move in a wave-like motion, moving mucus to the back of the throat. Dust, bacteria, and other chemicals get trapped in the mucus.
1.Prominent functional internal structures a.turbinates-bony structures that provides surface area to warm inhaled air. Three turbinates or concha in each nasal passage fig. 10 1.superior concha 2.middle concha 3.inferior concha b. Olfactory membrane Located on the roof of the nasal cavity. Contains cells/receptors which are in contact with the Olfactory bulb and nerve to provide sense of smell. (5% of nasal cavity area) fig. 11 2. Nasal blood supply and nerve innervation a. Blood supply- External carotid artery to the internal maxillary artery. Two terminal branches -Sphenopalatine- supplies septum,roof,lateral walls and part of floor. -Greater palatine- supplies septum and gives off to lesser palatine which supplies soft palate b. Blood supply (cont.)- Internal carotid artery via the ophthalmic artery. Two branches -Ant. Ethmoind artery supplies ant./sup. Part part of septum and lateral wall - Posterior ethmoid artery supplies septum lateral wall and superior turbinate. The nasal cavity is highly vascular which functions as a source of heat to warm the inspired air. Inspired air is heated to 36 C. c. Nerve innervation (sensory arise from Trigeminal) - anterior ethmoidal (V 1 ) (nasociliary) - nasopalatine (V2) (maxillay) Provide sensory innervation to the nasal cavity which provides reflexes such as sneezing to clear foreign bodies Basic Study Questions 1. Identify the following categories of teeth: incisor, cuspid, bicuspid, molar 2. What separates the oral and nasal cavity? 3. Identify the key structures in the oropharynx |
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| ©2003 University of Pittsburgh Nurse Anesthesia Program | Anatomy Website Index Page • Top • Contact Us |
| Edited December 2003 by Richard Hennessey |
-Nerve innervation. The tongue receives general sensory innervation from the lingual branch of CN V for the anterior two-thirds, and special sensory (taste) from the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of CN VII.The posterior one-third of the tongue receives both general sensory and special sensory from CN IX innervation. A small posterior region of the tongue receives sensory innervation from CN X. Motor innervation from CN XII. 
