Kurt A. VanLehn

Department of Computer Science & Learning Research and Development Center

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA

http://www.pitt.edu/~vanlehn

My email is my last name followed by @ cs<dot>pitt<dot>edu

412-624-7458; fax 412-624-9368

Last Updated: August 5, 2008

Education

B. S. Mathematics, Stanford University, 1974.

M. S. Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1978.

Ph. D. Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1983.

Positions

National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow, 1974-1977.

Research Assistant, M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1977.

Research Associate, Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 1978 (January-October).

Research Associate, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, November 1978 to August 1985.

Assistant Professor, Depts. of Psychology and Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, September 1985 to August 1990.

Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, September 1990 to July 1998

Senior Scientist, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, September 1990 to present.

Co-director, Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, September, 1994 to August, 1996.

Director, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Constructive Learning Environments (CIRCLE), University of Pittsburgh, January, 1998 to December 2003.

Professor, Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, July 1998 to present.

Co-director, Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center (PSLC), September 2004 to present.

Awards and Honors

National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow, 1974-1977.

Spencer Foundation Research Fellow, October 1986 to August 1988.

Resident Fellow, Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, 1990 to present.

Keynote speaker, Artificial Intelligence in Education, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1993

Best Paper (with Joel Martin), Artificial Intelligence in Education, 1993.

Keynote Speaker, Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 3rd International Conference, Montreal, Canada, 1996.

Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 1996-1997.

Best Paper (with Cristina Conati, Abigail Gertner, & Marek Druzdzel),  UM97: Sixth International Conference on User Modeling, 1997.

Awarded an NSF center (CIRCLE), one of only three awarded in the highly competitive multidisciplinary Learning and Intelligent Systems program. 1997.

Keynote Speaker, European Science Foundation’s final conference on Learning in Humans and Machines, Mannheim, Germany, October, 1997

Best Paper Award (with Cristina Conati). Artificial Intelligence and Education, 1999.

Second Best Paper Award (with Charles Murray). Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference, July, 2000.

Identified as individual who has made a significant and positive impact on students’ lives. Commended for positive interaction with students. Spring 2000 survey conducted by Office of Student Affairs, University of Pittsburgh.

Second Best Paper Award (with Carolyn Rosé). Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2001.

James R. Chen Award for best paper (with C. Conati & A. Gertner) in the 2002 volume of the journal User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction.

Keynote Speaker, UM03: Ninth International Conference on User Modeling, 2003.

Fellow, Cognitive Science Society, elected May, 2003.

Best Paper Award (with C. Lynch, K. Schulze, J. A. Shapiro, R. Shelby, L. Taylor, D. Treacy, A. Weinstein, & M. Wintersgill). Artificial Intelligence and Education Conference, 2005.

Best Student Paper Award (with Michael Ringenberg) Intelligent Tutoring Systems Conference, 2006.

Best Paper Award (with Robert Hausmann), Artificial Intelligence and Education Conference, 2007.

Keynote Speaker, Intelligent Tutoring Systems conference, 2008.

Best Poster Award (with Min Chi), Educational Data Mining Conference, 2008

Best Student Paper Award (with Min Chi), Intelligent Tutoring Systems conference, 2008.

Dissertations

VanLehn, K. (1978). Determining the scope of English quantifiers. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence laboratory technical report 483. M. S. Dissertation.

VanLehn, K. (1983). Felicity conditions for human skill acquisition: Validating an AI-based theory. Palo Alto, CA: Xerox PARC technical report CIS-21. (Out of print, but available as publication number 9018167 from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI) Ph. D. Dissertation.

Books

VanLehn, K. (1990). Mind bugs: The origins of procedural misconceptions. Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press.

VanLehn, K. (1991). (Ed.) Architectures for Intelligence. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Journal articles and papers in stringently reviewed conferences

1980

Brown, J. S., & VanLehn, K. (1980). Repair theory: A generative theory of bugs in procedural skills. Cognitive Science, 4, 379-426.

1982

VanLehn, K. (1982). Bugs are not enough: An analysis of systematic subtraction errors. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 3(2), 3-71.

1983

VanLehn, K. (1983). Human procedural skill acquisition: Theory, model and psychological validation. In Proceedings of the 1983 Conference of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (pp. 420-423). Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

VanLehn, K. (1983). Validating a theory of human skill acquisition. In Proceedings of the 1983 International Machine Learning Workshop (p. 234). Urbana: University of Illinois Computer Science Dept.

1984

VanLehn, K. (1984). A critique of the connectionist hypothesis that recognition uses templates, and not rules. In Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 74-81). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

1987

VanLehn, K. (1987). Learning one subprocedure per lesson. Artificial Intelligence, 31, 1-40.

VanLehn, K., & Ball, W. (1987). A version space approach to learning context-free grammars. Machine Learning, 2, 39-74.

VanLehn, K., & Garlick, S. (1987). Cirrus: an automated protocol analysis tool. In P. Langley (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Machine Learning (pp. 205-217). Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

1988

Brown, J. S., & VanLehn, K. (1988). Repair theory: A generative theory of bugs in procedural skills. In A. Collins & E. E. Smith (Eds.), Readings in Cognitive Science (pp. 338-361). Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. (Reprinted from Cognitive Science, 4, 379-426, 1980).

Gray, W. D., Corbett, A. T., & VanLehn, K. (1988). Planning and implementation errors in algorithm design. In V. Patel (Ed.), Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 594-600). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kowalski, B., & VanLehn, K. (1988). Cirrus: Inducing subject models from protocol data. In V. Patel (Ed.), Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 623-629). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

1989

VanLehn, K. (1989). Discovering problem solving strategies: What humans do and machines don’t (yet). In A. Segre (Ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Machine Learning (pp. 215-217). Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

VanLehn, K. (1989). Efficient specialization of relational concepts. Machine Learning, 4, 99-106.

VanLehn, K. (1989). Learning events in the acquisition of three skills. In G. Olson & E. Smith (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 434-441). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

VanLehn, K., Ball, W., & Kowalski, B. (1989). Non-LIFO execution of cognitive procedures. Cognitive Science, 13, 415-465.

1990

VanLehn, K. (1990). Learning one subprocedure per lesson. In J. W. Shavlik & T. G. Dietterich (Eds.), Readings in Machine Learning (pp. 754-773). Palo Alto, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. (Reprinted from Artificial Intelligence, 31, 1-40, 1987).

VanLehn, K., Ball, W., & Kowalski, B. (1990). Explanation-based learning of correctness: Towards a model of the self-explanation effect. In M. Piatelli-Palmarini (Ed.), Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 717-724). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

1991

Chi, M. T. H., & VanLehn, K. (1991). The content of physics self-explanations. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 1(1), 69-106. [abstract]

Jones, R., & VanLehn, K. (1991). A computational model of acquisition for children’s addition strategies. In L. Birnbaum & G. Collins (Eds.), Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop (pp. 65-69). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. [abstract]

Jones, R., & VanLehn, K. (1991). Strategy shifts without impasses: A computational model of the sum to min transition. In K. Hammond & D. Gentner (Eds.), Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 358-363). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

VanLehn, K. (1991). Rule acquisition events in the discovery of problem solving strategies. Cognitive Science, 15(1), 1-48. [abstract]

 VanLehn, K., & Jones, R. M. (1991). Learning physics via explanation-based learning of correctness and analogical search control. In L. Birnbaum & G. Collins (Eds.), Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop (pp. 132-137). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Jones, R. M., & Chi, M. T. H. (1991). Modeling the self- explanation effect with Cascade 3. In K. Hammond & D. Gentner (Eds.), Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 137-142). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

1992

Jones, R., & VanLehn, K. (1992). A fine-grained model of skill acquisition: Fitting Cascade to individual subjects. In J. Kruschke (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 873-878). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Jones, R. M., & Chi, M. T. H. (1992). A model of the self- explanation effect. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(1), 1-60. [abstract & PDF]

1993

Martin, J. & VanLehn, K. (1993). OLAE: Progress toward a multi-activity, Bayesian student modeller. In S. P. Brna, S. Ohlsson, & H. Pain (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education  (pp. 410-417). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Winner of Best Paper award for the conference. [abstract & PS]

VanLehn, K., & Jones, R. M. (1993). Better learners use analogical problem solving sparingly. In R. S. Michalski & G. Tecuci (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multistrategy Learning (pp. 19-30). Fairfax, VA: Center for Artificial Intelligence. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., & Jones, R. M. (1993). Better learners use analogical problem solving sparingly. In P. E. Utgoff (Ed.), Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 338-345). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., & Jones, R. M. (1993). What mediates the self-explanation effect? Knowledge gaps, schemas or analogies? In M. Polson (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1034-1039). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

1994

Jones, R. M., & VanLehn, K. (1994). Acquisition of children’s addition strategies: A model of impasse-free, knowledge-level learning. Machine Learning, 15 (1 & 2), 11-36. [abstract]

Ur, S., & VanLehn, K. (1994). STEPS: A preliminary model of learning from a tutor. In K. Eiselt & A. Ram (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 893-898). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract]

VanLehn, K., Ohlsson, S., & Nason, R. (1994). Applications of simulated students: An exploration. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 5(2), 135-175. [abstract & PDF]

1995

Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (1995). A student modeling technique for problem solving in domains with large solution spaces. In J. Greer (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (p. 573). Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Martin, J., & VanLehn, K. (1995). Student assessment using Bayesian nets. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 42, 575-591. [abstract & PDF]

Ur, S., & VanLehn, K. (1995). STEPS: A simulated, tutorable physics student. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 6(4), 405-437. [abstract & PS]

1996

Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (1996). POLA: a student modeling framework for Probabilistic On-Line Assessment of problem solving performance. In UM-96: Fifth International Conference on User Modeling  (pp. 75-82). Kailua-Kona, HI: User Modeling, Inc. [abstract & PDF]

Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (1996). Probabilistic plan recognition for cognitive apprenticeship. In G. W. Cottrell (Ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 403-408). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

1997

Conati, C., Gertner, A., VanLehn, K., & Druzdzel, M. (1997). On-line student modeling for coached problem solving using Bayesian networks. In A. Jameson, C. Paris, & C. Tasso (Eds.), UM97: Sixth International Conference on User Modeling  (pp. 231-242). Vienna: Springer. Winner of Best Paper award. [abstract & PDF]

Conati, C., Larkin, J., & VanLehn, K. (1997). A computer framework to support self-explanation. In R. du Boulay & R. Mizoguchi (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 279-286). Amsterdam: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Ploetzner, R., & VanLehn, K. (1997). The acquisition of informal physics knowledge during formal physics training. Cognition and Instruction, 15(2), 169-205. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., & Martin, J. (1997). Evaluation of an assessment system based on Bayesian student modeling. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 8(2), 179-221. [abstract & PDF]

1998

Gertner, A., Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (1998). Procedural help in Andes: Generating hints using a Bayesian network student model. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence AAAI-98 (pp. 106-111). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K. (1998). Analogy events: How examples are used during problem solving. Cognitive Science, 22(3), 347-388. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Niu, Z., Siler, S., & Gertner A. (1998). Student modeling from conventional test data: A Bayesian approach without priors. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems:4th International Conference (pp. 434-443). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Siler, S., Murray, C., & Baggett, W. (1998). What makes a tutorial event effective? In M. A. Gernsbacher & S. Derry (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1084-1089). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

1999

Conati C., & VanLehn, K. (1999). A student model to assess self-explanation while learning from examples. In UM‘99, Seventh International Conference on User Modeling. Banff, Canada. [abstract & PDF]

Conati C., & VanLehn, K. (1999). Teaching meta-cognitive skills: Implementation and evaluation of a tutoring system to guide self-explanation while learning from examples. In S. P. Lajoie & M. Vivet (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 297-304), Amsterdam: IOS Press. Winner of a Best Paper Award of this conference. [abstract & PDF]

Ferrari, M., Taylor, R., & VanLehn, K. (1999). Adapting work simulations for schools. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 21(1), 25-53. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K. (1999). Rule learning events in the acquisition of a complex skill: An evaluation of Cascade. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 8(1), 71-125. [abstract & PDF]

2000

Albacete, P. L., & VanLehn, K. (2000). Evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive tutor for fundamental physics concepts. In L. R. Gleitman & A. K. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 25-30). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

Albacete, P. L., & VanLehn, K. (2000). The conceptual helper: An intelligent tutoring system for teaching fundamental physics concepts. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference (pp. 564-573). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (2000). Further results from the evaluation of an intelligent computer tutor to coach self-explanation. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference  (pp. 304-313). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (2000). Toward computer-based support of meta-cognitive skills: A computational framework to coach self-explanation. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 11, 389-415. [abstract & PDF]  

Freedman, R. C., Rosé, C. P., Ringenberg, M. A., & VanLehn, K. (2000). ITS Tools for natural language dialogue: A domain-independent parser and planner. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference (pp. 433-442). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Gertner, A., & VanLehn, K. (2000). Andes: A coached problem solving environment for physics. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference (pp. 133-142). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K [abstract & PDF]

Matsuda, N., & VanLehn, K. (2000). A reification of a strategy for geometry theorem proving. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference (p. 660). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Murray, R. C., & VanLehn, K. (2000). DT Tutor: A decision-theoretic, dynamic approach for optimal selection of tutorial actions. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference (pp. 153-162). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. Winner of 2nd Best Paper award of the conference. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé C., Moore, J. D., Albritton, D., & VanLehn, K. (2000). A comparative evaluation of Socratic versus didactic tutoring. In J.D. Moore & K. Stenning (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 897-902). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Schulze, K. G., Shelby, R. N., Treacy, D. J., Wintersgill, M. C., VanLehn, K., & Gertner, A. (2000) Andes: An active learning, intelligent tutoring system for Newtonian physics. Themes in Education, 1(2), 115-136. [abstract & PDF]

Schulze, K. G., Shelby, R. N., Treacy, D. J., Wintersgill, M. C., VanLehn, K., & Gertner, A. (2000). Andes: An intelligent tutor for classical physics, The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 6(1). Ann Arbor, MI. http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/06-01/schulze.html

VanLehn, K., Freedman, R., Jordan, P., Murray, C., Rosé, C. P., Schulze, K., Shelby, R., Treacy, D., Weinstein, A., & Wintersgill, M. (2000). Fading and deepening: The next steps for Andes and other model-tracing tutors. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 5th International Conference (pp. 474-483). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

2001

Conati, C. & VanLehn, K., (2001). Providing adaptive support to the understanding of instructional material. In Proceedings of IUI 2001, International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (pp. 41-47). Santa Fe, NM. [abstract & PDF]

Graesser, A., VanLehn, K., Rosé, C., Jordan, P., & Harter, D. (2001). Intelligent Tutoring Systems with Conversational Dialogue. AI Magazine, 22(4) 39-51. [abstract & PDF]

Jordan, P., Rosé, C., & VanLehn, K. (2001) Tools for authoring tutorial dialogue knowledge. In J. D. Moore, C. L. Redfield, & W. L. Johnson (Eds.). Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 222-233). Amsterdam: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C., Jordan, P., Ringenberg, M., Siler, S., VanLehn, K., & Weinstein, A. (2001). Interactive conceptual tutoring in Atlas-Andes. In J. D. Moore, C. L. Redfield, & W. L. Johnson (Eds.). Artificial Intelligence in Education  (pp. 256-266). Amsterdam: IOS Press. Winner of the 2001 Second Best Paper award. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C. P., Moore, J. D., VanLehn, K., & Allbritton, D. (2001). A comparative evaluation of Socratic versus didactic tutoring. In J.D. Moore & K. Stenning (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 897-902). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

Shelby, R., Schulze, K., Treacy, D., Wintersgill, M., VanLehn, K., & Weinstein, A. (2001). An assessment of the Andes tutor. In Proceedings of the Physics Education Research Conference. Rochester, NY.  [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., & Niu, Z. (2001). Bayesian student modeling, user interfaces and feedback: A sensitivity analysis. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 12(2), 154-184. [abstract & PDF]

2002

Conati, C., Gertner, A., & VanLehn, K. (2002). Using Bayesian networks to manage uncertainly in student modeling. User Modeling & User-Adapted Interaction. 12(4), 371-417. Winner of the 2002 James R. Chen Award. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C., Bhembe, D., Roque, A., Siler, S., Srivastava, R., & VanLehn, K. A. (2002). Hybrid Language understanding approach for robust selection of tutoring goals. In S. A. Cerri, G. Gouarderes, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring System: 6th International Conference (pp. 552-561).  Berlin: Springer. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C. P., Roque, A., Bhembe, D., & VanLehn, K. (2002). An efficient incremental architecture for robust interpretation. Human Languages Technologies Conference. San Diego, CA.

Siler, S., Rosé, C. P., Frost, T., & VanLehn, K. (2002). Evaluating knowledge construction dialogs (KCDs) versus minilessons within Andes2 and alone. In S. A. Cerri, G. Gouarderes, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 6th International Conference (pp. 9-15). Berlin: Springer.

VanLehn, K., Jordan, P., Rosé, C. P., et al. (2002). The architecture of Why2-Atlas:A coach for qualitative physics essay writing. In S. A. Cerri, G. Gouarderes, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 6th International Conference  (pp. 158-167). Berlin: Springer. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Lynch, C., Taylor, L., Weinstein, A., Shelby, R., Schulze, K., Treacy, D., & Wintersgill, M. (2002). Minimally invasive tutoring of complex physics problem solving. In S. A. Cerri, G. Gouarderes, & F. Paraguacu, (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 6th International Conference (pp. 367-376). Berlin: Springer. [abstract & PDF]

2003

Jordan, P., Makatchev, M., & VanLehn, K. (2003). Abductive Theorem Proving for Analyzing Student Explanations. In H. U. Hoppe, F. Verdejo and J. Kay (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education  (pp. 73-80). Amsterdam: IOS Press [abstract]

Lane, H. C., & VanLehn, K. (2003). Coached program planning: Dialogue-based support for novice program design. Proceedings of the 34th ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (pp. 148-152). New York, New York: ACM Press. [abstract & PDF]

Matsuda, N., & VanLehn, K. (2003). Modeling Hinting Strategies for Geometry Theorem Proving. In UM03: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on User Modeling (pp. 373-377) Berlin: Springer. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C. P., Bhembe, D., Siler, S., Srivastava, R., & VanLehn, K. (2003). Exploring the Effectiveness of Knowledge Construction Dialogues. In H. U. Hoppe, F. Verdejo and J. Kay (Eds.),Artificial Intelligence in Education. Amsterdam: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C. P., Bhembe, D., Siler, S., Srivastava, R., & VanLehn, K. (2003). The Role of Why questions in effective human tutoring. In In H. U. Hoppe, F. Verdejo and J. Kay (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence  in Education. Amsterdam: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C. P., Gaydos, A., Hall, B.S., Roque, A., & VanLehn, K. (2003). Overcoming the Knowledge Engineering Bottleneck for Understanding Student Language Input. In In H. U. Hoppe, F. Verdejo and J. Kay (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education. Amsterdam: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C. P., Litman, D., Bhembe, D., Forbes, K., Silliman, S., Srivastava, R., & VanLehn, K. A. (2003). Comparison of tutor and student behavior in speech versus text based tutoring. Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using Natural Language Processing. [abstract & PDF]

Siler, S. A., & VanLehn, K. (2003). Accuracy of Tutors’ Assessments of their Students by Tutoring Context. In R. Alterman & D. Hirsch, (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Siler, S., Murray, C., Yamauchi, T., & Baggett, W.B. (2003). Why do only some events cause learning during human tutoring? Cognition and Instruction, 21(3), 209-249. [abstract & PDF]

2004

Jordan, P. W., Makatchev, M., & VanLehn, K. (2004). Combining competing language understanding approaches in an intelligent tutoring system. In J. C. Lester, R. M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu, (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 7th International Conference  (pp. 346-357). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Lane, H. C., & VanLehn, K. (2004). A dialogue-based tutoring system for beginning programming. In V. Barr & Z. Markov (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS) (pp. 449-454). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. [abstract & PDF]

 Litman, D. J., Rosé, C. P, Robes-Riley, K., VanLehn, K., Bhembe, D., & Silliman, S. (2004) Spoken versus typed human and computer dialogue tutoring. In J. C. Lester, R. M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu, (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 7th International Conference  (pp. 368-379). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Makatchev, M., Jordan, P., & VanLehn, K. (2004). Abductive theorem proving for analyzing student explanations and guiding feedback in intelligent tutoring systems. Journal of Automated Reasoning. 32(3), 187-226. [abstract & PDF]

Makatchev, M., Jordan, P. W., & VanLehn, K. (2004). Modeling student’s reasoning about qualitative physics: Heuristics for abductive proof search. In J. C. Lester, R. M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu, (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 7th International Conference (pp. 699-709). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Makatchev, M., Jordan, P., Pappuswamy, U., & VanLehn, K. (2004). Abductive proofs as models of qualitative reasoning. In J. de Kleer & K. Forbus (Eds.), Proceedings of Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning (pp. 11-18). Evanston, IL. [abstract & PDF]

Makatchev, M., Jordan, P. W., Pappuswamy, U., & VanLehn, K. (2004). Abductive proofs as models of students’ reasoning about qualitative physics. In Sixth International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (pp. 166-171). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [abstract & PDF]

Matsuda, N., & VanLehn, K. (2004). GRAMY: A geometry theorem prover capable of construction. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 32(1), 3-33. [abstract & PDF]

Murray, R.C., VanLehn, K., & Mostow, J. (2004). Looking ahead to select tutorial actions: A decision-theoretic approach. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 14(3-4), 235-278. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Bhembe, D., Chi, M., Lynch, C., Schulze, K., Shelby, R., Taylor, L., Treacy, D., Weinstein, A., & Wintersgill, M. (2004). Implicit versus explicit learning of strategies in a non-procedural cognitive skill. In J. C. Lester, R. M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu, (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 7th International Conference (pp. 521-530). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

2005

Graesser, A. G., McNamara, D. S., & VanLehn, K. (2005).  Scaffolding deep comprehension strategies through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART.  Educational Psychologist, 40, 225-234. [abstract & PDF]

Jordan, P. W., Albacete, P., & VanLehn, K. (2005). Taking control of redundancy in scripted tutorial dialogue. In G. McCalla, C. K. Looi, B. Bredeweg & J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education.  (pp. 314-321) Amsterdam: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Lane, H. C., & VanLehn, K. (2005). Intention-based scoring: An approach to measuring success at solving the composition problem. In W. Dann, P. T. Tymann, & D. Baldwin (Eds.), Proceedings of the 36th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE). New York, New York: ACM Press. [abstract & PDF]

Lane, H. C., & VanLehn, K. (2005) Teaching program planning skills to novices with natural language tutoring. Computer Science Education, 15(3), 183-201.  [Abstract & PDF]

Matsuda, N., & VanLehn, K. (2005). Advanced geometry tutor: An intelligent tutor that teaches proof-writing with construction. In G. McCalla, C. K. Looi, B. Bredeweg & J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp.443-450). Amsterdam: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Makatchev, M. & VanLehn, K. (2005). Analyzing completeness and correctness of utterances using an ATMS. In G. McCalla, C. K. Looi, B. Bredeweg & J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 403-410). Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Murray, R.C., & VanLehn, K. (2005). Effects of dissuading unnecessary help requests while providing proactive help. In G. McCalla, C. K. Looi, B. Bredeweg & J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 887-889). Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [abstract & PDF]

Pappuswamy, U., Bhembe, D., Jordan, P. W., & VanLehn, K. (2005). A multi-tier NL-knowledge clustering for classifying students’ essays. In I. Russell & Z. Markov (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS05) (pp. 566-571). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. [abstract & PDF]

Pappuswamy, U., Bhembe, D., Jordan, P. W., & VanLehn, K. (2005). A supervised clustering method for text classification. In A. Gelbukh (Ed.), Proceedings of Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing: 6th International Conference, CICLing: Vol. 3406. (pp. 704 - 714). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. [abstract & PDF]

Pappuswamy, U., Jordan, P. W., & VanLehn, K. (2005). Resolving Discourse Deictic Anaphors in Tutorial Dialogues. In C. Sassen, A. Benz, & P. Kühnlein (Eds.), Proceedings of Constraints in Discourse (pp. 96-103). Dortmund University, Germany. [abstract & PDF]

Rosé, C. P., & VanLehn, K. (2005). An Evaluation of a Hybrid Language Understanding Approach for Robust Selection of Tutoring Goals. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 15(4), 325-355. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Lynch, C., Schulze, K. Shapiro, J. A., Shelby, R., Taylor, L., Treacy, D., Weinstein, A., & Wintersgill, M. (2005). The Andes physics tutoring system: Lessons Learned. In International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 15 (3), 1-47. [abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K., Lynch, C., Schulze, K. Shapiro, J. A., Shelby, R., Taylor, L., Treacy, D., Weinstein, A., & Wintersgill, M. (2005). The Andes physics tutoring system: Five years of evaluations. In G. McCalla, C. K. Looi, B. Bredeweg & J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education.  (pp. 678-685) Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. Winner of a Best Paper Award of this conference. [abstract & PDF]

2006

Murray, C. & VanLehn, K. (in press). A comparison of decision-theoretic, fixed-policy and random tutorial action selection. In K. Ashley & M. Ikeda (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 8th International Conference, ITS2006. pp. 114-123 Amsterdam: IOS Press. [PDF 140Kb]

Ringenberg, M. & VanLehn, K. (in press). Scaffolding problem solving with annotated, worked-out examples to promote deep learning. In K. Ashley & M. Ikeda (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 8th International Conference, ITS2006. pp. 625-634. Amsterdam: IOS Press. [ PDF 231Kb]

Jordan, P., Makatchev, M., Pappuswamy, U., VanLehn, K., & Albacete, P. (2006). A natural language tutorial dialogue system for physics. In G. Sutcliffe & R. Goebel (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International FLAIRS Conference. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. [PDF 90Kb]

Makatchev, M., VanLehn, K., Jordan, P. W., & Pappuswamy, U. (2006). Representation and reasoning for deeper natural language understanding in a physics tutoring system. In G. Sutcliffe & R. Goebel (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International FLAIRS conference. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. [PDF 86Kb]

Litman, D., Rose, C., Forbes-Riley, K., VanLehn, K., Bhembe, D., & Silliman, S. (2006). Spoken versus typed human and computer dialogue. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 16, 145-170.  [Abstract & PDF]

VanLehn, K. (2006) The behavior of tutoring systems.  International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. 16, 3, 227-265. [Abstract & PDF]

 

2007

VanLehn, K., Graesser, A. C., Jackson, G. T., Jordan, P., Olney, A., & Rose, C. P. (2007). When are tutorial dialogues more effective than reading? Cognitive Science 31(1), 3-62.  [Abstract & PDF]

Chi, Min & VanLehn, K. (2007) The impact of explicit strategy instruction on problem-solving behaviros across intelligent tutoring systems. In D. McNamara & G. Trafton (Eds.) Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 167-172 Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [PDF 209KB]

Chi, Min & VanLehn, K.  (2007) Domain-specific and domain-independent interactive behaviors in Andes. In R. Luckin, K. R. Koedinger & J. Greer (Eds.)  Artificial Intelligence in Education.  pp. 548-550. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [PDF 136KB]

Chi, Min & VanLehn, K.  (2007) Porting an intelligent tutoring system across domains. In R. Luckin, K. R. Koedinger & J. Greer (Eds.)  Artificial Intelligence in Education. pp. 551-553.  Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [PDF 446KB]

Chi, Min & VanLehn, K.  (2007) Accelerated future learning via explicit instruction of a problem solving strategy. In R. Luckin, K. R. Koedinger & J. Greer (Eds.)  Artificial Intelligence in Education.  pp. 409-416.  Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [PDF 188KB]

Craig, S. D., VanLehn, K., Gadgil, S., & Chi, M. T. H. (in press). Learning from collaboratively observing videos during problem solving with Andes. In R. Luckin, K. R. Koedinger & J. Greer (Eds.)  Artificial Intelligence in Education.  pp. 554-556. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [PDF 35KB]

Hausmann, R. G. M. & VanLehn, K. (2007).  Explaining self-explaining:  A contrast between content and generation.  In R. Luckin, K. R. Koedinger & J. Greer (Eds.)  Artificial Intelligence in Education.  pp. 417-424. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [PDF 63KB] Winner of the Best Paper Award for this conference.

Hausmann, R. G. M. & VanLehn, K. (in press).  Self-explaining in the classroom:  Learning curve evidence   In D. McNamara & G. Trafton (Eds.) Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp 1067-1072 Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [PDF 94KB]

Makatchev, M. & VanLehn, K. (2007) Combining Bayesian networks and formal reasoning for semantic classification of student utterances. In R. Luckin, K. R. Koedinger & J. Greer (Eds.)  Artificial Intelligence in Education. pp. 307-314. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [PDF 102KB]

Nwaigwe, A., Koedinger, K.,VanLehn, K., Hausmann, R. G. M. & Weinstein, A.  (2007) Exploring alternative methods for error attribution in learning curves analyses in intelligent tutoring systems. In R. Luckin, K. R. Koedinger & J. Greer (Eds.)  Artificial Intelligence in Education. pp 246-253. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. [157 KB PDF]

VanLehn, K., Koedinger, K., Skogsholm, A., Nwaigwe, A., Hausmann, R.G.M., Weinstein, A. & Billings, B. (2007). What’s in a step?  Toward general, abstract representations of tutoring system log data.  In C. Conati & K. McCoy (eds).  Proceedings of User Modelling 2007. [PDF 48KB].

 

2008

Hausmann, R. G., van de Sande, B. & VanLehn, K. (2008). Trialog: How Peer Collaboration Helps Remediate Errors in an ITS.  Proceedings of the 21th International FLAIRS Conference, pp . 415-420 Menlo Park: CA, AAAI Press. [243 KB PDF]

Chi, Min, Jordan, P.,& VanLehn, K. & Hall, M. (2008). Reinforcement learning-based feature selection for developing pedagogically effective tutorial dialogue tactics.  Proceedings of the Educational Data Mining Workshop, Montreal, Canada: [137 KB PDF]  Winner of Best Poster Award.

Jung, S.-Y., VanLehn, K. (2008). Bi-directional search for bugs: A tool for accelerating knowledge acquisition for equation-based ITS.  In B. P. Woolf, E. Aimeur, R. Nkambou & S. Lajoie (eds).  Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 9th International Conference, ITS2008, pp. 758-762. Amsterdam: IOS Press. [110 KB PDF]

Chi, Min & VanLehn, K. (2008). Eliminating the Gap between the High and Low Students through Meta-Cognitive Strategy Instruction.  In B. P. Woolf, E. Aimeur, R. Nkambou & S. Lajoie (eds).  Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 9th International Conference, ITS2008, pp 603-613. Amsterdam: IOS Press. [90 KB PDF]  Winner of Best Student Paper Prize.

Hausmann, R. G., van de Sande, B. & VanLehn, K. (2008). Shall we explain? Augmenting Learning from Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Peer Collaboration. In B. P. Woolf, E. Aimeur, R. Nkambou & S. Lajoie (eds).  Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 9th International Conference, ITS2008, pp. 636-645. Amsterdam: IOS Press.

Gheorghiu, R. & VanLehn, K. (2008). XTutor: an Intelligent Tutor System for science and math based on Excel.  In B. P. Woolf, E. Aimeur, R. Nkambou & S. Lajoie (eds).  Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 9th International Conference, ITS2008, pp. 749-752.  Amsterdam: IOS Press. [128 KB PDF]

Hausmann, R. G., van de Sande , B. & VanLehn, K. (2008). Are Self-explaining and Coached Problem Solving More Effective When Done by Pairs of Students Than Alone?  In B. C. Love, K. McRae & V. M. Sloutsky (Eds.), Procedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.  (pp. 2369-2374).  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [244 KB PDF]

Hausmann, R. G., van de Sande, B., van de Sande, C. & VanLehn, K. (2008).  Productive dialogue during collaborative problem solving.  Proceedings of the International Conference of the Learning Sciences.  [129 KB PDF].

Nokes, T. J. & VanLehn, K. (2008)  Bridging principles and examples through analogy and explanation.  Proceedings of the International Conference of the Learning Sciences. [122 KB PDF]

 

Book chapters and conferences without stringent reviewing

1980

VanLehn, K., & Brown, J. S. (1980). Planning Nets: A representation for formalizing analogies and semantic models of procedural skills. In R. E. Snow, P.A. Federico, & W. E. Montague (Eds.), Aptitude, Learning, and Instruction: Cognitive Process Analyses of Learning and Problem Solving (pp. 95-138). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

1982

Brown, J. S., & VanLehn, K. (1982). Towards a generative theory of bugs. In T. Carpenter, J. Moser, & T. Romberg (Eds.), Addition and Subtraction: A Developmental Perspective (pp. 117-135). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

1983

VanLehn, K. (1983). On the representation of procedures in Repair Theory. In H. P. Ginsberg (Ed.), The Development of Mathematical Thinking (pp. 201-253). New York: Academic Press.

1984

VanLehn, K., Brown, J. S., & Greeno, J. G. (1984). Competitive argumentation in computational theories of cognition. In W. Kintsch, J. Miller, & P. Polson (Eds.), Methods and Tactics in Cognitive Science (pp. 235-262). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

1986

VanLehn, K. (1986). Arithmetic procedures are induced from examples. In J. Hiebert (Ed.), Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge: The Case of Mathematics (pp. 133-180). Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. [633 KB PDF]

1988

VanLehn, K. (1988). Student modeling