Reading list for a graduate seminar on Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Kurt VanLehn

Sept 4, 1999

 

Overview

  1. Wed Sept 1:

    Shute, V. J., & Psotka, J. (1996). Intelligent tutoring systems: Past, Present and Future. In D. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology : Scholastic Publications.

Effectiveness of tutors

  1. Wed Sept 8:

    Kulik, J. A., Bangert, R. L., & Williams, G. W. (1983). Effects of computer-based teaching on secondary school students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 19-26. [8 pgs.]

    Bloom, B. S. (1984). The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Researcher, 13, 4-16. [13 pgs.]

    Koedinger, K. R., Anderson, J. R., Hadley, W. H., & Mark, M. A. (1995). Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city. In J. Greer (Ed.), Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (pp. 421-428). Charlottesville, NC: AACE. [8 pgs.]

    Schofield, J. W. & Evans-Rhodes, D. (1989). Artifical intelligence in the classroom. In D. Bierman, J. Greuker, & J. Sandberg (Eds.), Artifical intelligence and edudation: Synthesis and relection (pp. 238-243). Springfiled, VA: IOS. [5 pgs].

Model-tracing coaches

  1. Mon Sept 13:

    Anderson, J. R., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Pelletier, R. (1995). Cognitive Tutors: Lessons Learned. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 4(2), 167-207. [41 pgs.]

    Anderson, J. R. & Pelletier, R. (1991). A development system for model-tracing tutors (pp. 1-8). In L. Birnbaum (Ed.) The International Conferences on the Learning Sciences: Proceeding of the 1991 Conference. Charlottesville, VA: AACE. [8 pgs]
  2. Wed Sept 15:

    Reiser, B. J., Kimberg, D. Y., Lovett, M.C. & Ranney, M. (1992). Knowledge representation and explanation in GIL, an intelligent tutor for programming (pp. 111-150). In J. H. Larkin & R. W. Chabay (Eds.). Computer-assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [40 pgs.]

    Gertner, A., Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (1998). Procedural help in Andes: Generating hints using a Bayesian network student model (pp. 106-111), In Proceedings of the 15th national Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. [8 pgs.]

Issue-recognizing coaches

  1. Mon Sept 20:

    Burton, R. R., & Brown, J. S. (1982). An investigation of computer coaching for informal learning activities (pp. 79-98). In D. Sleeman and J. S. Brown (Ed.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems. New York: Academic Press. [20 pgs.]

    Ritter, F. & Feurzeig, W. (1988). Teaching real-time tactical thinking (pp. 285-301). In J. Psotka, L. D. Massey & S. A. Mutter (Eds.) Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons Learned. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [17 pgs.]

    Mitrovic, A. and Ohlsson, S. (1999). Evaluation of a constraint-based tutor for a database language, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Ed, 10, in press, [21 pgs.]

Other coaches

  1. Wed Sept. 22:

    Clancey, W. J. (1979). Dialogue management for rule-based tutorials. In B. Buchan (Ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 155-161). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press. [7 pgs]

    Clancy, W. J. (1990). Knowledge-Based Tutoring: The Guidon Project. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Read chapter 4 only. [pp. 51-94; 44 pgs]
  2. Mon Sept 27:

    Katz, S., Lesgold, A., Hughes, E., Peters, D., Eggan, G., Gordin, M., & Greenberg, L. (1998). Sherlock 2: An intelligent tutoring system built on the LRDC framework (pp. 227-258). In C. P. Bloom & R. B. Loftin (Eds.), Facilitating the development and use of interactive learning environments. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [32 pgs]

    Katz, S., Lesgold, A, Eggan;, G & Gordin, M. (1992). Modelling the student in Sherlock II. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 3(4), 495-518. [24 pgs]

Questioners

  1. Wed Sept 29:

    Collins, A., & Stevens, A. (1982). Goals and strategies for inquiry teachers (pp. 65-119). In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in Instructional Psychology, Vol. 2 . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [55 pgs, of which 11 pages are an appendix]

    Wong, L.H., Quek, C. & Looi, C.K. (1998). TAP-2: A framework for an inquiry dialog based tutoring system. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 9, 88-110. [23 pgs]
  2. Mon Oct 4:

    Freedman, R., Brandle, S., Glass, M., Kim, J. H., Zhou, Y. & Evens, M. (1998). Content planning as the basis for an intelligent tutoring system. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Natural Language Generation (INLG-9), Niagara on the Lake, CA, demo sessions. [4 pgs]

    Freedman, R. & Evens, M. W. (1996). Generating and revising hierarchical multi-turn text plans in an ITS (pp. 632-640). In C. Frasson, G. Gauthier & A. Lesgold (Eds.) Intelligent tutoring systems: Third International Conference (ITS/96), Berlin: Springer-Verlag. [9 pgs]

    Graesser, A. C., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Harter, D., Person, N. & the Tutoring Research Group (in press). Using latent semantic analysis to evaluate the contributions of students in AutoTutor. Interactive Learning Environments. [31 pgs]

Human tutors

  1. Wed Oct 6:

    McArthur, D., Stasz, C., & Zmuidzinas, M. (1990). Tutoring techniques in algebra. Cognition and Instruction, 7(3), 197-244.[28 pgs]

    Merrill, D. C., Reiser, B. J., Ranney, M., & Trafton, J. G. (1992). Effective tutoring techniques: A comparison of human tutors and intelligent tutoring systems. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(3), 277-306. [30 pgs]
  2. Mon Oct 11:

    Chi, M.T.H., Siler, S., Jeong, H., Yamauchi, T. & Hausmann, R. G. (in press). Learning from tutoring: A student-centered versus a tutor-centered approach. Cognitive Science.

    Graesser, A. C., Person, N. K. & Magliano, J. P. (1995). Collaborative dialogue paterns in naturalistic one-to-one tutoring. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 495-522. [27 pgs]

Feedback

  1. Wed Oct 13:

    Kulik, J. A., & Kulik, C.-L. C. (1988). Timing of feedback and verbal learning. Review of Educational Research, 58, 79-97. [19 pgs]

    McKendree, J. (1990). Effective feedback content for tutoring complex skills. Human-Computer Interaction, 5, 381-413. [33 pgs]
  2. Mon Oct 18:

    Mark, M. A., & Greer, J. E. (1995). The VCR tutor: Effective instruction for device operation. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 4(2), 209-246. [37 pgs]

    Schooler, L. J. & Anderson, J.R. (1990). The disruptive potential of immediate feedback (pp. 702-708). In M. Piattelli-Palmarini (Ed.) The Twelfth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    McKendree, J., Radlinski, B., & Atwood, M.E. (1992). The Grace tutor: A qualified success. in C. Frasson, G. Gauthier & G. I. McCalla (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Second international conference, ITS’92 proceedings (pp. 677-684) Berlin: Springer-Verlag. [8 pgs]

Reification and affordances

  1. Wed Oct 20:

    Collins, A., & Brown, J. S. (1990). The computer as a tool for learning through reflection (pp. 1-18). In H. Mandl & A. Lesgold (Eds.), Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems . New York: Springer. [19 pgs.]

    Singley, M. K. (1990). The reification of goal structures in a calculus tutor: Effects on problem solving performance. Interactive Learning Environments, 1, 102-123. [22 pgs]
  2. Mon Oct 25:

    Burton, R. R. (1988). The environment module of intelligent tutoring systems (pp. 109-142). In M. C. Polson & J. J. Richardson (Eds.) Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [34 pgs]

    Merrill, D. C., & Reiser, B. J. (1994). Scaffolding effective problem solving strategies in interactive learning environments. In A. Ram & K. Eiselt (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 629-634). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [5 pgs.]

    Cheng, P. C.-H. (1998). Some reasons why learning science is hard: Can computer-based law encoding diagrams make it easier? In B. P. Goettl, H. M. Halff, C. L. Redfield, & V. J. Shute (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference (pp. 96-105). Berlin: Springer. [10 pgs.]

Building the expert module

  1. Wed Oct 27:

    Clancey, W. J. (1986). From Guidon to Neomycin and Heracles in twenty short lessons. AI Magazine, 7(3), 40-60. [20 pgs]

    Koedinger, K., & Anderson, J. R. (1993). Reifying implicit planning in geometry: Guidelines for model-based intelligent tutoring system design (pp. 15-46). In S. P. Lajoie & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Computers as cognitive tools . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [32 pgs.]

    2.  

  2. Wed Nov 3:

    Anderson, J.R. (1988). The expert module (pp. 21-54). In M. C. Polson & J. J. Richardson (Eds.) Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [34 pgs]

    Gott, S. P. & Lesgold, A. M. (in press). Competence in the workplace: How cognitive performance models and situated instruction can accelerate skill acquisition. In R. Glaser (Ed.) Advances in Instructional Psychogy. [Read only to page 31]

Bugs

  1. Mon Nov 8:

    Brown, J. S., & Burton, R. (1978). Diagnostic models for procedural bugs in basic mathematical skills. Cognitive Science, 2, 155-192. [38 pgs.]

    Sleeman, D., Hirsh, H., Ellery, I. & Kim, I-Y. (1990). Extending domain theories: Two case studies in student modeling. Machine Learning, 5(1), 11-38. [27 pgs.]
  2. Wed Nov 10:

    Sack, W. & Soloway, E. (1992). From PROUST to CHIRON: Intelligent Tutoring System Design as Iterative Engineering Intermediate Results are Important! (pp. 239-277), In Computer Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Issues and Complementary Approaches. In J.H. Larkin & R. W. Chabay (Eds.) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [39 pgs.]

    Sleeman, D., Kelly, A. E., Martinak, R., Ward, R. D., & Moore, J. L. (1989). Studies of diagnosis and remediation with high school algebra students. Cognitive Science, 13, 551-568. [18 pgs.]

Student modeling

  1. Mon Nov 15:

    Hill, R.W. & Johnson, W. L. (1995). Situated plan attribution. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 6(1), 35-66. [32 pgs]

    VanLehn, K., & Niu, Z. (1999). Bayesian student modeling, user interfaces and feedback: A sensitivity analysis. submitted. [29 pgs]
  2. Wed Nov17:

    Jamison, A. (1995). Numerical uncertainty management in user and student modeling: An overview of systems and issues. User Modeling and user-Adapted Interaction, 5, pages unknown. [48 pgs]

Motivation

  1. Mon Nov 22:

    Lepper, M. R., Aspinwall, L. G., Mumme, D. L. & Chabay, R. W. (1990). Self-perception and social-perception processes in tutoring: Subtle social control strategies of expert tutors (pp. 217-237). In j. M. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Self-Inference Processes: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 6. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [21 pgs]

    Reiser, B. J., Copen, W. A., Ranney, M., Hamid, A., & Kimberg, D. Y. (in press). Cognitive and motivational consequences of tutoring and discovery learning. Cognition and Instruction. [62 pgs]
  2. Mon Nov 29:

    Lester, J. C., Stone, B. A., Stelling, G. D. (1999). Lifelike pedagogical agents for mixed-initiative problem solving in constructivist learning environments. User Modeling and User-adapted Interfaces, 9(1-2) pp. 1-44 [45 pgs].

    Lester, J.C., Towns, S.G. and Fitzgerald, P.J. (1999). Achieving affective impact: visual emotive communication in lifelike pedagogical agents, Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 10, in press. [17 pgs]

Aptitude-treatment interaction

  1. Wed Dec 1:

    Shute, V.J. (1992). Aptitude-treatment interactions and cognitive skill diagnosis (pp. 15-48). In J. W. Regian & V. J. Shute (Eds.) Cognitive Approaches to Automated Instruction. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [33 pgs]

    Shute, V. J. & Glaser, R. (1990). a large-scale evaluation of an intelligent discovery world: Smithtown. Interactive Learning Environments, 1, 51-77. [ 26 pgs]

Case-based tutoring

  1. Mon Dec 6:

    Schank, R. C., Berman, T. R., & Macpherson, K. A. (1999). Learning by doing (pp. 161-181). In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.) Instructional-Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [20 pgs]

    Aleven, V., & Ashley, K. D. (1997). Teaching case-based argumentation through a model and examples: Empirical evalution of an intelligent learning environment (pp 87-94). Paper presented at the Artificial Intelligence in Education, Kobe, japan. [8 pgs]

    <to be announced>

Shells, Architectures, Instructional planners, etc. (tentative)

  1. Wed Dec 8, 13, 15 Some of these class meetings will be devoted to students presenting their final projects. The remainder will be selected from the readings below, or others that may be suggested during class.

    Bell, B. (1998). Investigate and decide learning environments: Specializing task models for authoring tool design. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 7(1), 65-107. [43 pgs]

    Brusilovsky, P., Schwarz, E., & Weber, G. (1996). ELM-ART: An intelligent tutoring system on the World Wide Web. In C. Frasson, G. Gauthier, & A. Lesgold (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITS-96 . Berlin: Springer.

    Peachy, D. R., & McCalla, G. I. (1986). Using planning techniques in intelligent tutoring systems. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 24, 77-98. [23 pgs]

    Murray, T. (1999). Authoring Intelligent Tutoring Systems: An analysis of the state of the art. Int. J. of AI and Education.

    Murray, T. & Woolf, B. (1992). Results of Encoding Knowledge with Tutor Construction Tools. In the Proc. of the Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92). San Jose, July 1992, pp. 17-23.

    Bonarini, A., & Filippi, V. (1993). Designing a tool supporting the development of ITS in different domains: The Docet Experience. Interactive Learning Environments, 3, 131-149.

    Munro, A., Johnson, M., Pizzini, Q., Surmon, D., Towne, D. and Wogulis, J. (1997). Authoring simulation-centered tutors with RIDES, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 8, 284-316

    Alpert, S. R., Singley, M.K. & Fairweather, P.G. (1999). Deploying intelligent tutors on the web: An architecture and an example. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 10, 183-197.

    Forbus, K. D., Everett, J. O., Ureel, L., Brokowski, M., Baher, J., & Kuehne, S. E. (1998). Distributed coaching for an intelligent learning environment, proceedings of QR98 . Cape Cod.